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64 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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a facility authorized to hold people before court appearance for up to 48 hours. most lockups are administired by local police agencies.
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lockup
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a system by which jail operations are funded by a set amount paid per day for each prisoner held
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fee system
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facility operated under a joint agreement between two or more government units, with a jail board drawn from representatives of the participating jurisdictions, and having varying authority over policy, budget, operations, and personnel
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regional jail
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an independent businessperson who provides bail money for a fee, usually 5-10 percent of the total
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bondsman
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pretrial release because the judge believes the defendant's ties in the community are sufficient to guarantee the defendant's appearance in court
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release on recognizance (ror)
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facility where offenders such as pretrial releasees and probation violaters attend daylong intervention and treatment sessions
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day reporting center
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community supervision technique, ordinarily combined with home confinement, that uses electronic devices to maintain surveillance on offenders.
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electronic monitoring
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detention of an accused person in jail, to protect the community from crimes the accused is considered likely to commit if set free pending trial.
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preventive detention
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an alternative to adjudication in which the defendant agrees to conditions set by the prosecutor (for example, counseling or drug rehabilitation) in exchange for withdrawal of charges.
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pretrial diversion
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increasing the scope of corrections by applying a diversion program to people charged with offenses less serious than those of the people the program was intended to serve
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widening the net
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a method of correctional supervision in which staff members have direct physical interaction with inmates throughout the day
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direct supervision
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a practice under English common law whereby a judge could suspend the imposition or execution of a sentence on condition of good behavior on the part of the offender
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judicial reprieve
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a formally recorded obligation to perform some act (such as keep the peace, pay a debt, or appear in court when called) entered by a judge to permit an offender to live in the community, often on posting a sum of money as surety, which is forfeited by nonperformance.
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recognizance
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a model of justice that emphasizes reparation to the victim and the community, approaching crime from a problem-solving perspective, and citizen involvement in crime prevention.
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community justice
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an investigation and summary report of a convicted offender's background, which helps the judge decide on an appropriate sentence. also known as a presentence report.
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presentence investigation (psi)
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the ability to force a person to do something he or she does not want to do
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power
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the ability to influence a person's actions in a desired direction without resorting force
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authority
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constraints imposed on all probationers, including reporting to the probation office, reporting any change of address, remaining employed, and not leaving the jurisdiction without permission
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standard conditions
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constraints imposed on some probationers to increase the restrictiveness or painfulness of probation, including fines, community service, and restitution
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punitive conditions
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constraints imposed on some probationers to force them to deal with a significant problem or need, such as substance abuse
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treatment conditions
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an approach to probation that establishes goals for supervision and evaluates the effectiveness of meeting those goals.
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performance-based supervision
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the probationer's failure to abide by the rules and conditions of probation (specified by the judge), resulting in revocation of probation
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technical violations
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a range of correctional management strategies based on the degree of intrusiveness and control over the offender, along which an offender is moved based on his or her response to correctional programs
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continuum of sanctions
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a criminal penalty based on the amount of income an offender earns in a day's work
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day fines
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government seizure of property and other assets derived from or used in criminal activity
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forfeiture
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compensation for injury to society, by the performance of service in the community
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community service
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compensation for financial, physical, or emotional loss caused by an offender, in the form of either payment of money to the victim or work at a service project in the community, as stipulated by the court.
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restitution
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residential facility where persistent probation violators are sent for short periods
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probation center
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facility where probationers who fall behind in restitution are sent to make payments on their debt
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restitution centers
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probation granted under conditions of strict reporting to a probation officer with a limited caseload
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intensive supervision probation (isp)
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sentence whereby offenders serve terms of incarceration in their own homes
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home confinement
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a short period of incarceration (the "shock"), followed by a sentence reduction
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shock incarceration
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a physically rigorous, disciplined, and demanding regimen emphasizing conditioning, education, and job training. designed for young offenders
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boot camp
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the idea that different forms of intermediate sanctions can be calibrated to make them equivalent as punishments despite their differences in approach
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principle of interchangeability
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the process by which a new inmate absorbs the customs of prison society and learns to adapt to the environment
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prisonization
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a set of rules of conduct that reflect the values and norms of the prison social system and help define for inmates the image of the model prisoner
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inmate code
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a structure established for influencing behavior to achieve particular ends
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formal organization
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obedience to an order or request
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compliance
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the ablility to obtain compliance in exchange for material resources
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remunerative power
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the ability to obtain compliance by manipulating symbolic rewards
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normative power
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the ability to obtain compliance by the application or threat of physical force
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coercive power
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a management principle holding that a subordinate should report to only one supervisor
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unity of command
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a series of organizational positions in order of authority, with each person receiving orders from one immediately above and issuing orders to the one immediately below.
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chain of command
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a management principle holding that a supervisor can effectively oversee only a limited number of subordinates
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span of control
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employees who are directly concerned with furthering the institution's goals; workers in direct contact with clients
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line personnel
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employees who provide services in support of line personnel (for example, training officers, accountants)
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staff personnel
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a governance theory that posits that, for a prison sentence to operate effectively, officials must tolerate minor infractions, relax security measures, and allow inmate leaders to keep order
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inmate balance theory
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a governance theory that posits that prison disorder results from unstable, divied, or otherwise weak management
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administrative control theory
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behavior that blurs, minimizes, or disrups the social distance between prison staff and inmates, resulting in violations of departmental policy
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boundary violations
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any formal, structured activity that takes prisoners out of their cells and sets them to instrumental tasks
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prison program
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the doctrine that prisoners ought to receive no goods or services in excess of those available to people who have lived within the law
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principle of least eligibility
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a process by which prisoners are assigned to types of custody and treatment
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classification
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in generic terms, all forms of "treatment of the mind"; in the prison setting, this treatment is coercive in nature
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psychotherapy
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treatment that emphaisizes personal responsibility for actions and their consequences
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reality therapy
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a form of behavior therapy that focuses on changing the thinking and reasoning patterns that accompany criminal behavior
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cognitive skill building
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treatment that induces new behaviors through reinforcements (rewards and punishments), role modeling, and other active forms of teaching
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behavior therapy
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treatment that attempts to create an institutional environment that supports prosocial attitudes and behaviors
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social therapy
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prison prgramming designed to teach inmates cognitive and vocational skills to help them find employment upon release
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vocational rehabilitation
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needs that, when successfully addressed by treatment programs, result in lower rates of recidivism
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criminogenic needs
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a summary measure of the value of a correctional program in saving money through preventing new crime
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cost-benefit ratio
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a labor system under which a contractor provided raw materials and agreed to purchase goods made by prison inmates at a set price
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piece price system
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a labor system under which a prison bought machinery and raw materials with which inmates manufactured a salable product
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public account system
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a labor system under which goods produced by prison industries are purchased by state institutions and agencies exclusively and never enter the free market
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state-use system
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a labor system under which prison inmates work on public construction and maintenance projects
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public works and ways system
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