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30 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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voltage gated channels open and close based on?
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membrane potential
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function of nernst equation?
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measure energy of ions
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when are passive or leaky channels open?
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always
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chemically gated channels require what in order to function?
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binding of a specific neurotransmitter
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channels for NA are all gated, when do they close?
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during RMP
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if activation gate is closed, then inactivation gate located inside the cell is ?
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open
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what is graded potential
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occur in cell body and dendrites of neurons. magnitude is a direct reflection of intensity or strength of stimulus
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refractory periods and action?
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1. absolute - nothing occurs because cells are not ready to respond yet
2. refractory period - when K gate channels are open making it harder to depolarize |
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what is hyperkalemia?
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when there is too much K in the blood
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function of calmodulin
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activates regulatory protein
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what is the force that prevents K movement
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equilibrium potential
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as K diffuse out what charge is left behind?
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negative charged proteins
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charge of ions?
chlorine sodium potassium calcium |
all positive except for chlorine which is negative, want chlorine, calcium and sodium to be outside and potassium to be inside the cell
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where is the Na activation gate located?
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outside of the cell
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where is the inactivation gate located?
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inside the cell, near the cytoplasm
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how is the strength of the initial depolarization in a graded potential determined?
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by how much charged Na enters the cell
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electrical signals can be classified in two basic types, what are they?
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graded potentials and action potentials
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name 5 parts of a neuron
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axon
dendrite node of ranvier cell body axon hillock |
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what occurs just before the K channels fully open?
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the inactivated Na channels close
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what makes saltatory conduction necessary
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the conduction rate of impulse is significantly faster since its jumping only from node to node
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What does Ca activate in a chemical synapse?
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Calmodulin regulatory protein
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Which enzyme does calmodulin activate?
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protein kinase
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What does protein kinase phosphorylated during chemical synapse?
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synapsins
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Function of synapsins?
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aid the fusion of vesicles
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What is a depolarizing graded potential also known as?
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excitatory postsynaptic (EPSP)
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What is a hyperpolarizing graded potential also known as?
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inhibitory postsynaptic (IPSP)
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Function of synapse?
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functional connection between two neurons
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What is a chemical synapse?
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point of contact / connection between axon and dendrite
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List of Catecholamines?
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dopa, dopamine, epinephrine and norepinephrine
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List of Indolamines?
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serotonin, histamine, distributed in the brain
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