Exam 2

Front 1

In cellular respiration, most ATP is DIRECTLY produced as a result of ________.

Back 1

the electron transport chain

Front 2

The function of the nucleolus is

Back 2

to help manufacture ribosomes

Front 3

What compound directly provides energy forcellular work?

Back 3

ATP

Front 4

The sum total of all the chemical reactions that occur in organisms is called ________.

Back 4

metabolism

Front 5

Osmosis can be defined as

Back 5

the diffusion of water.

Front 6

The principle that energy cannot be created or destroyed is known as ________

Back 6

conservation of energy

Front 7

The transfer of a phosphate group to amolecule or compound is called

Back 7

phosphorylation.

Front 8

As cell size increases, the

Back 8

volume increases faster than the surfacearea.

Front 9

The Golgi apparatus

Back 9

stores, modifies, and packages proteins

Front 10

Electron transport takes place in the ________.

Back 10

mitochondria

Front 11

Light microscopes

Back 11

use light and glass lenses to magnify animage.

Front 12

Diffusion does not require the cell to expendATP. Therefore, diffusion is considered a typeof

Back 12

passive transport.

Front 13

You find a cell of a type you have never seenbefore. The cell has both a nucleus and a cellwall. Therefore, you conclude that it must be a ______ cell.

Back 13

plant

Front 14

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

Back 14

stores calcium ions in muscle cells

Front 15

In eukaryotic cells, what name is given to theregion between the nucleus and the plasmamembrane?

Back 15

cytoplasm

Front 16

Most of a cell's enzymes are

Back 16

proteins.

Front 17

What compound directly provides energy for cellular work?

Back 17

ATP

Front 18

The function of mitochondria is

Back 18

cellular respiration.

Front 19

What molecules are scientists currently trying to use to generate power for nanotechnology devices, such as microscopic robots?

Back 19

enzymes

Front 20

Certain cells that line the stomach synthesize a digestive enzyme and secrete it into thestomach. This enzyme is a protein. Which ofthe following processes could be responsiblefor its secretion?

Back 20

exocytosis

Front 21

Based on its function in detoxifying drugs, one would expect to find a large amount of smooth endoplasmic reticulum in ________ cells.

Back 21

liver

Front 22

Lysosomes

Back 22

A) destroy harmful bacteria engulfed bywhite blood cells.

B) recycle materials within the cell.

C) fuse with food vacuoles to exposenutrients to lysosomal enzymes.

D) help to digest worn-out or damaged organelles.

E) All of the choices are correct.

Front 23

Most of the functions of a cell membrane areperformed by

Back 23

proteins.

Front 24

When a person cries, tears are exported fromcells. Which category of transport mostprecisely matches this process?

Back 24

exocytosis

Front 25

What must pyruvic acid be converted to before it can enter the citric acid cycle?

Back 25

acetyl CoA

Front 26

The function of chloroplasts is

Back 26

photosynthesis.

Front 27

Which part of cellular respiration produces themost NADH?

Back 27

citric acid cycle

Front 28

Human muscle cells use lactic acidfermentation to ________.

Back 28

produce ATP without O2

Front 29

Living systems

Back 29

decrease their entropy while increasingthe entropy of the universe

Front 30

What biological process did scientists use as an inspiration for engineering enzymes to remove molecular tags from red blood cells?

Back 30

natural selection

Front 31

The first electron acceptor of cellularrespiration is ________.

Back 31

NAD+

Front 32

The active site of an enzyme is

Back 32

the region of an enzyme that attaches to asubstrate

Front 33

Which of the following is a function of theplasma membrane?

Back 33

regulation of the passage of material intoand out of the cell

Front 34

Respiration __________, and cellularrespiration __________.

Back 34

is gas exchange . . . produces ATP

Front 35

The idea that all living things are composed of cells and that all cells come from other cells defines:

Back 35

cell theory

Front 36

Glycolysis

Back 36

takes place in virtually all cells.

Front 37

Where in the cell does glycolysis occur?

Back 37

cytoplasm

Front 38

When an enzyme catalyzes a reaction,

Back 38

it lowers the activation energy of thereaction

Front 39

Humans are both ________.

Back 39

heterotrophs and consumers

Front 40

Which of the following energy transfers is/are possible in living systems?

Back 40

A) light energy to chemical energy

B) potential energy to kinetic energy

C) chemical energy to kinetic energy

D) light energy to potential energy

E) All of the choices are correct.

Front 41

During cell reproduction, chromatin fibers coil up into structures called

Back 41

chromosomes

Front 42

During cellular respiration, the energy inglucose

Back 42

is carried by electrons.

Front 43

A process is referred to as aerobic if it requires ________.

Back 43

oxygen

Front 44

Microtubules are associated with ______.

Back 44

A) cell shape

B) flagella

C) chromosome movement

D) cilia

E) all of the choices are correct

Front 45

The final electron acceptor of aerobicrespiration is ________.

Back 45

oxygen

Front 46

Information is transferred from the nucleus to ribosomes via ______.

Back 46

RNA

Front 47

What cellular structure do antibiotics typically target?

Back 47

cell walls

Front 48

Plasmodesmata

Back 48

A) carry nutrients between plant cells.

B) carry chemical messages between plantcells.

C) penetrate plant cell walls.

D) are one type of cell junction in plants.

E) All of the choices are correct.

Front 49

The nucleus of a cell

Back 49

contains DNA.

Front 50

The term anaerobic means

Back 50

without O2

Front 51

The ultimate source of nearly all energyavailable to life on Earth is

Back 51

sunlight.

Front 52

Unlike animal cells, plant cells have__________ and __________. Unlike plantcells, animal cells have __________.

Back 52

chloroplasts . . . cell walls . . . centrioles

Front 53

The act of a white blood cell engulfing abacterium is

Back 53

phagocytosis.

Front 54

The two basic types of cells are ______ and______.

Back 54

prokaryotic . . . eukaryotic

Front 55

Which of the following is a measure ofrandomness in a system?

Back 55

entropy

Front 56

Which one of the following is not a component of the endomembrane system?

Back 56

ribosomes

Front 57

What waste product do yeast produce underanaerobic conditions?

Back 57

ethyl alcohol

Front 58

Active transport

Back 58

A) can move solutes up a concentrationgradient.

B) is necessary to allow nerves to functionproperly.

C) requires the cell to expend energy.

D) uses ATP as an energy source.

E) All of the choices are correct

Front 59

Which of the following is not found in animalcells?

Back 59

Central vacuole

Front 60

Which of the following can affect the rate of an enzyme-catalyzed reaction?

Back 60

A) p H

B) noncompetitive inhibitors

C) temperature

D) competitive inhibitors

E) All of the choices are correct.