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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the major function of the respiratory system?
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gas exchange
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What 3 places are the sneeze and cough reflexes located at and what nerves initiate the reflexes?
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nasal passages (sneeze – trigeminal afferents)
larynx (cough – vagus afferents) carina (cough – vagus afferents) |
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What are 2 ways in which particles (specific sizes) can be removed by the system?
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Mucociliary escalator (> 5 microns)
alveolar macrophages (< 5 microns) |
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There are 2 types of cells that make up the alveolar:
Type I cells - ... cells Type II cells - ... cells – produce ... (mixture of phospholipids and lipoproteins). Lowers surface tension |
squamous epithelial
cuboidal surfactants |
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Reasons for subatmospheric pressures between the visceral pleura and parietal pleura are:
1) ... 2) ... of the lung/chestwall system 3) fluids and gases absorbed in this closed cavity creates a ... |
surface tension
elastic fibers vacuum |
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Assume that barometric pressure (P(B)) is ... mmHg
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760
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define alveolar pressure (P(A))
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the difference between the pressure in the lungs and the barometric pressure
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define intrapleural pressure (P(PL)).
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the difference between the pressure in the pleural space and the barometric pressure
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What is the transmural/transairway/transpulmonary pressure?
It is a ... force of the airways and the alveoli. |
the difference between the alveolar pressure and the intrapleural pressure. (the pressure across the wall)
distending |
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Sound is made on (inspiration?/expiration?)
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expiration
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... (surfactant) is produced by ... cells
It reduces ... |
dipalmitoyal phosphatidyl choline
type 2 surface tension |
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Know henderson-Hasselbalch equation (look at slide 9)
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ok
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... – the end of the conducting zone
... – the beginning of respiratory/transitory zone |
terminal bronchiole
respiratory bronchiole |
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... generations of airways – trachea down to alveolar sac.
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23
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what zone does gas exchange occur in?
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transitory/respiratory zone
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point of conversion:
3.7 mmHg = ... cm of water |
5
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When no movement of air into or out of lungs (beginning of inspiration or end of inspiration), alveolar pressure always = ....
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0
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under normal circumstances, transmural pressure is always ...
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positive
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