Phy Sci Reviewer

Front 1

Diurnal Motion

Back 1

daily motion of stars and other celestial bodies across the sky due to Earth’s rotation.

Front 2

Annual Motion

Back 2

yearly motion of stars and other celestial bodies across the sky due to Earth’s revolution.

Front 3

Zodiac

Back 3

set of thirteen constellations seen along the Sun’s ecliptic path.

Front 4

Equinox

Back 4

the sun passes the celestial equator.

Front 5

Solstice

Back 5

the sun passes the highest or lowest point from the celestial equator.

Front 6

Precession

Back 6

wobbling of the Earth’s celestial north pole.

Front 7

Solar Eclipse

Back 7

moon passes between the Earth and the sun with the moon casting a shadow on the Earth’s surface.

Front 8

Lunar Eclipse

Back 8

the Earth is directly aligned between the sun and moon with the Earth casting a shadow on the moon.

Front 9

Geocentric

Back 9

Earth is the center of the universe.

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Heliocentric

Back 10

all planets revolve around the sun.

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Ptolemaic System

Back 11

All other celestial bodies revolve around the Earth.

Front 12

Copernican System

Back 12

heliocentric model of the universe. The sun is the center of the universe.

Front 13

Tychonic System

Back 13

The moon and sun revolve around Earth. All other planets revolve around the sun.

Front 14

Claudius Ptolemy

Back 14

proponent of the Ptolemaic System.

Front 15

Nicholas Copernicus

Back 15

proponent of the Copernican System.

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Tycho Brahe

Back 16

accurate measurement of stars and planets’ position

Front 17

Eratosthenes

Back 17

the Greek philosophers computed the Earth’s circumference

Front 18

Law of Eclipse

Back 18

All planets revolve around the sun in an elliptical orbit.

Front 19

Law of Equal Areas

Back 19

planets move fastest in the elliptical orbit when nearest to the sun.

Front 20

Law of Harmony

Back 20

the length of a planet’s revolution in the Sun is proportional to its orbit’s size.

Front 21

Horizontal Motion

Back 21

is the straight-line motion caused by the gravitational pull of the earth.

Front 22

Reflection

Back 22

a phenomenon by which the incident light falling on the surface is sent back into the same medium

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Diffuse Reflection

Back 23

produced by rough surfaces

Front 24

Specular Reflection

Back 24

occurs when light is incident upon a smooth surface and angle is reflected on the same angle creating a clear and precise image of the object.

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Normal Line

Back 25

imaginary line is drawn perpendicular to the reflecting surface

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Angle of Incidence

Back 26

formed by an incoming ray with the normal

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Angel of Reflection

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the angle of reflected ray makes with the normal.

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Image

Back 28

is formed because of reflection.

Front 29

Mirrors

Back 29

are good examples of reflecting devices.

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Convex Mirror

Back 30

produces an image that is virtual, upright, and smaller than the object.

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Concave Mirror

Back 31

the hallowed reflecting surface of the mirror.

Front 32

Selective Reflection

Back 32

takes place on opaque objects when light is incident to it.

Front 33

Selective Transmission

Back 33

takes place on transparent objects when light is incident to it.

Front 34

Refraction

Back 34

plays a role in optical illusions.

Front 35

Mirage

Back 35

is an optical phenomenon that creates the illusion of water.

Front 36

Rainbows

Back 36

are formed because of refraction, reflection, and dispersion of light as it passes through water droplets acting as tiny prisms.

Front 37

Rainbows

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can only be seen when the sun is to your back and it is raining in front of you

Front 38

Sundogs

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are bright white or colored patches of light developed because of the refraction of light through ice crystals.

Front 39

Sundogs

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- also known as mock suns or parhelia which means “with the sun”

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Clouds

Back 40

are made up of water droplets.

Front 41

Halo

Back 41

a ring of light that forms around the sun or moon due to the refraction of light in the suspended ice crystals in the atmosphere.

Front 42

Particle

Back 42

where the light is made up that travel through space on a straight line.

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Violet

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color of light deviates greatly in the

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Red

Back 44

color is bent the least during dispersion

Front 45

Dispersion

Back 45

the splitting of white light into its component colors SCAT

Front 46

Scattering

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is the process where light rays deviate from their path due to nonuniformities in the medium through which they pass.

Front 47

Superposition Principle

Back 47

main principle used in interference

Front 48

Constructive Interference

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occurs at any location along with the medium where the two interfering waves have a displacement in the same direction.

Front 49

Destructive Interference

Back 49

occurs when two interfering waves are with opposite

Front 50

Diffraction

Back 50

the bending of light around an obstacle

Front 51

ROYGBIV colors

Back 51

the components of a white light displacements.

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Light

Back 52

can travel straight through empty space (vacuum) until it hits something else.

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Supernumeraries

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are pastel-colored bands or fringes appearing below the primary rainbow adjacent to the violet band due to the interference of light.

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Secondary Rainbow

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appears outside and higher than the primary rainbow with an opposite color sequence.

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Electron

Back 55

is a type of subatomic particle that has a definite mass and definite charge and is often portrayed as a solid particle orbiting a nucleus of an atom.

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John Joseph Thompson

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He discovered the electron, the first subatomic particle.

Front 57

George Thompson

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discovered the wave properties of an electron by diffraction.

Front 58

Time Dilation

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refers to the difference in the time interval between two events as perceived by an observer under a stationary frame.

Front 59

Speed of Light

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is 300 000 000 m/s or 3x10^8 m/s.

Front 60

Free Falling Object

Back 60

is an accelerating frame of reference

Front 61

General Relativity

Back 61

deals with non-inertial or accelerating frames of reference.

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Special Relativity

Back 62

a theory of space and time which was published in 1905.

Front 63

Mercury

Back 63

as the nearest planet to the sun is greatly affected by the sun’s warping of space-time.

Front 64

Gravitational Lensing

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happens when light emitted by distant stars or galaxies bends due to the curvature of space-time created by a massive object in the universe.

Front 65

Black Holes

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are extremely dense collapsed stars that not even light can escape from their gravitational field.

Front 66

KARL SCHWARZSCHILD

Back 66

was the first to use general relativity in predicting that a sufficiently massive body can deform space-time, and that led to his idea of the existence of black holes.

Front 67

Arthur S. Eddington

Back 67

a British astronomer conducted two expeditions in 1919 to measure the gravitational deflection

Front 68

Albert Einstein

Back 68

German-born theoretical physicist. Best known for developing the theory of relativity.