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11 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The most common cause of dementia is ...
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Alzheimer’s Disease
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Alzheimer’s Disease:
Familial cases account for less than 10% of all cases -Usually ... onset -Associated with defects on chromosomes 1,14, and 21 The risk of getting AD is increased in individuals with the ... allele (1 in 4 individuals inherit this allele) -1 in 20 individuals inherit the ... allele which appears to be protective Definitive diagnosis is made at ... |
early (before the age of 65)
ApoE4 ApoE2 autopsy |
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look at slide 12
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ok
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Cholinesterase Inhibitors:
... (Exelon) patch -Became available in 2007 -Begin at 4.6 mg/day for one month then increase to 9.5 mg/day |
rivastigmine
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...:
NMDA receptor antagonist -Believed to reduce glutamate toxicity Available 2004 Indicated for moderate to advanced AD Can be used as monotherapy or in combination with the cholinesterase inhibitors |
mamenatine (Namenda)
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...:
Commonly referred to as ... disease The most common form of motor system disease Its etiology is unknown Typically occurs sporadically Familial cases occur as a dominant trait -The defective gene codes for ... Slightly more common in males than females Onset is typically in middle age |
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)
Lou Gehrig’s superoxide dismutase |
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ALS clinical presentation:
Both upper and lower motor neuron abnormalities Weakness may start in one limb or may be more generalized The patient may present with difficulty speaking or swallowing (Progressive ... Palsy) The disease ... ocular muscles or sphincters Sensation and cognition ... affected |
Bulbar
rarely affects are not |
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ALS evaluation:
History Physical examination MRI of cervical spine to look for ... Electrodiagnostic studies -Nerve conduction studies are usually ... -Electromyography shows evidence of diffuse ... (active and chronic) |
stenosis
normal dennervation |
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ALS prognosis:
The course of the disease is relentlessly progressive Death results from ... failure or complications from ... (e.g. infection) Average life expectancy is ... years after onset of symptoms -Some individuals have a more “benign” course and may life more than 5 years -Individuals with predominant ... problems have a shorter average life expectancy of 2.2 years |
respiratory
immobility 3.5 bulbar |
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ALS treatment:
...: -50 mg twice to on an empty stomach -May improve survival by 3 to 9 months -Monitor liver function monthly for the first 3 months then at least every 6 months |
riluzole (Rilutek)
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Other considerations of patients with ALS:
Advanced directives need to be discussed with the patient and family regarding future issues such as: -... -... Address legal issues (e.g. will, durable power of attorney, healthcare power of attorney) Hospice |
Feeding tube
Respiratory support |
