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45 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Medical Asepsis |
Limit spread/reduce
Not sterile Medical general cleanliness |
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Surgical Asepsis |
Eliminating everything Sterile |
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Most common reservoir is... |
Humans |
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Most common portals of entry and exit |
Respiratory, gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracks |
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What type of patient would be a susceptible host? |
Compromised immune system Elderly Young Anyone with wound Anyone without immunizations |
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What is the single most important action to break the chain of infection and limit the spread of infection? |
Hand hygiene |
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CDC guidelines on hand hygiene |
Before/after: Contact with any patient donning or doffing gloves contact with supplies or equipment that is contaminated any invasive procedure after contact with any body substance if moving from contaminated body site to a clean body site during pt care |
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Which is best? Plain soap, antimicrobial soap or alcohol based hand rub |
Alcohol based hand rub |
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HAI |
Healthcare associated infection |
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Medicaid/medicare is no longer paying for... |
Acquired injuries from falls Mediastinis after CABG UTI from catheters Pressure ulcers IV catheter infections Objects left in the body Air embolisms Blood incompatability |
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Why do HAIs happen? |
poor infection control during surgery use of invasive medical devices poor medical asepsis |
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Tier 1 - Standard precautions |
implemented on all patients in the hospital regardless of diagnosis wash hands, wear clean gloves, wear PPE, careful handling of pt equipment, linens, supplies, use environmental controls and review room assignments |
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Tier 2 - Transmission based precautions |
Used in addition to standard precautions for clients with known or suspected infections that are spread via several routes:
Contact Droplet Airborne |
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Contact precautions |
MRSA, VRE, VISA, VRSA, Hep A Pt placement Hand hygiene Gloves, gown Equipment |
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Droplet precautions |
Mumps, flu, adenovirus Pt placement Mask (within 3 ft) Transporting with a mask |
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Airborne precautions |
TB, measles, chicken pox, H1N1 pt placement (negative pressure room) N95 respirator transporting w/ mask |
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When caring for pt in isolation ALWAYS |
wear gown, gloves and appropriate hand hygiene |
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C-Diff |
Contact isolation |
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Patients in isolation... |
May be depressed Lowered self esteem Physicians tend to visit less often May experience increase in falls, pressure ulcers, fluid and electrolyte imbalance |
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Shower and Tub baths |
ambulatory patients |
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Chair/assist baths |
Weak or limited mobility |
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Bed baths |
Cannot get OOB |
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Back massage |
relieves muscle tension promotes relaxation 4-6 minutes assess for breakdown no gloves! |
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Why oral hygiene? |
moistens and cleans the mouth |
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Dental self care - Semi dependent |
set up toothpaste, brush, floss, mouthwash, water, emesis basin
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Dental self care - semi dependent w/ cognativecues |
Brush, rinse spit |
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Why groom hair? |
stimulate scalp circulation Distribute oil arrange hair increase sense of well-being |
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When do you change linens? |
after a bag, or soiled |
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Morse scale |
Fall scale History of falling Secondary diagnosis Ambulatory aid Intravenous therapy Gait Mental status >51 - great risk of fall |
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Levels of communication - intrapersonal |
self talk |
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Levels of communication - interpersonal |
between 2 or more people with a goal to exchange a message |
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Levels of communication - group |
small group communication and organizational group communication |
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Forms of communication - Verbal |
communication with pt, giving report, writing care plans, recording pt progress |
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Forms of communication - Nonverbal |
touch, eye contact, facial expressions, posture, gait, gestures, general appearance, dress and grooming, sounds, silence |
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5 rights of delegation |
Right task Right circumstance Right person Right direction/communication Right supervision/evaluation |
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3 Methods of communication |
Documenting, reporting and conferring |
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HIPAA |
Health insurance portability and accountability act |
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Source oriented documentation |
Each healthcare group keeps data on its own form Sections of charts are designated |
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Problem-oriented documentation |
documentation-organized around pts problem(s) rather than around sources of information |
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PIE |
Problem, intervention, evaluation |
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Focus charting documentation |
bring focus of care back to pt concerns |
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Charting by exception |
a short hand documentation method that uses standards of practice documents significant findings most common |
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EMR |
Electronic medical record comprehensive computer system of tracking pt records |
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SBAR |
Situation Background Assessment Recommendation |
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Incident reports |
Document anything out of the ordinary that results in or has potential harm to pt, employee or visitor Falls, burns, needle sticks, medication errors, visitor injury |
