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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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In the vascular tissue of dicot stems, the xylem is on the ________ of the ___________ which is the meristem that produces it.
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Inside of the vascular cambium
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What is a ribosome, what does it do, and how?
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ribosomes are made of 2 subunits, translates mRNA into Protiens
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Describe (briefly) how ATP is synthesized in chloroplasts and mitochondria
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using ATP synthase
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Which organelle provides ATP for cytosolic functions?
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mitochondria
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Durring the cell cycle, what phase is DNA replicated?
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S phase (Synthesis Phase)
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What enzymes control the cell cycle?
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Cyclin-D, Cyclin dependent Chinases
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What is the symplast of a plant?
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inner side of the plasma membrane in which water (and low-molecular-weight) solutes can freely diffuse
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What is the desmotubule?
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rod like structures between cells inside plasmodesmada
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What kinds of macromolecules might move between cells? Would one plant cell make DNA for another plant cell? If so, why?
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Yes, in the case of companion cells for sieve tube elements share DNA with companion cells.
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What are the three major factors that affect a plant's phenotype?
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environment, genotype, epigenetic modification
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How many protein coding genes does Arabidopsis thaliana have?
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27,400
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What are the two types of chromatin?
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Euchromatin and Heterochromatin
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What type of chromatin are most genes found on?
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euchromatin
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What are the two types of transposons and describe their structures?
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"copy and Paste" - Retroelement
"cut and Paste" - DNA Transposons |
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How can transposons cause mutations?
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Alter transcription, prevent or promote transcription
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What is a polyploid and describe two types?
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Polyploid describes a cell with more than 2 pairs of chromosomes. Ex. Triploid, Tetraploid
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How is hybrid vigor and heterosis different than the phenomenon of polyploidy formation?
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heterosis -----> increasing heterozygosity
polyploidy formation -----> the result of a species producing many chromosomes naturally |
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Describe the genome structure and content of the mitochondria and chloroplast.
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Chloroplast is more branched rather than disc-like Electron transport genes on mitochondria
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Describe the regulation of nuclear gene expression.
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-pretranscriptional regulation-?
-postranscriptional regulation- weather or not RNA degrades before protein manufacturing |
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If you have a mutant, how could you discover the gene responsible for the mutation?
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-use a transposon tag
-ultraviolet light -complimentation |
