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29 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Two major schools of thought |
Rationalists and Purists |
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Ontology |
Asks: "What is reality?" one thing that makes up everything |
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Epistemology |
Asks: "How do you know what you know?" Calls us to use our senses |
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Aesthetics |
Asks: “Are their common things in which we all value as beautiful?” - individual or universal |
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John Locke |
Life, health, liberty, private property - human nature is to possess -label yourself from others -native Americans, diseases -predators keep order |
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Ancient Time Period |
Ontology, Epistemology |
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Medieval |
Ontology, Epistemology |
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Modern |
Ontology, Epistemology, Political Theory, Ethics |
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Contemporary |
Political theory, Ethics |
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Homer |
"The Iliad"," Odessey" specifically Greek gods |
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Hesiod |
"Theogony" -genealogy of the greek gods thought: gods command a moral order Law is over the gods |
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Natural Philosophers |
Change is Constant Constant Change |
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Monists |
One substance- variety of existing things can be explained in terms of a single reality or substance. |
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Milesians/ Ionians- Miletus. Ionia |
3 thoughts empathized: Thales, Anaximander, and Anaximenes. |
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Thales |
thought the one substance was water. - measured the heights of the pyramids -olive presses |
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Anaximander |
The boundless. Doesn't need a beginning or an end to exist -studied under Thales |
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Anaximenes |
Substance: air. - the idea of rarefaction, condensation - changing the quality - studied under Anaximander |
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Pythagoras |
numbers. -dots and lines make up shapes in the natural world. -ideas of Hinduism and Reincarnation -first ideas of music therapy: stars move in accordance to music etc.. |
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Parmenides |
a rationalist, break it down- whole to a part, logical- our senses are not reliable, flow or flux. Opposing things. Being or nothing |
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Heraclitus |
- fire flux or flow. Opposite of Parmenides -Empiricism: using our senses to discover.Testing thesis: thesis + anti thesis = sum thesis Logos: law of change, things not random |
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Pluralist |
more than one substance in question |
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Empedocles |
4 substances. earth, air, water ,fire two forces: love and strife |
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Democritus |
an infinite number of atoms. Materialism. little parts and parts within parts void of nothingness a determinist materialist- determined by what's happened prior |
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Pericles |
general of Athens in the Peloponnesian war. Athens vs. Sparta, result? Thirty years of peace. Athens: navy, Sparta- land.. power struggle |
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Sophists |
those who educate common man, for money. -the "wise ones" -pros, grammar, rhetoric , discourse |
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Protagoras |
knowledge is limited to what you know you, which differs for each person. |
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Gorigia |
If comprehensible, it is incommunicable |
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Thrasymachus |
human nature is about self-assertion. injustice, allows for full assertion vs. justice, limits -- Ordinary vs. Extraordinary |
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Socrates |
NOT a sophist, doesn't take money Engages in dialogues, asks questions, process of refinment |
