Exam 1 Oceanography

Front 1

The five principal ocean basins are the:

Back 1

1. atlantic

2. pacific

3. indian

4. Southern

5. arctic

Front 2

the first person to advance the idea of mobile continental or continental drift was

Back 2

Alfred Wegner

Front 3

Satellites can be used to map the ocean floor because

Back 3

-the shape of the ocean surface itself reflects large features on the seafloor

-they can cover areas where ships have not produced surveys

-the can "see" large areas of the seafloor at one time

Front 4

the four main classifications of marine sediment

Back 4

1. biogenies sediment

2. terrigenous sediment

3. hydrogenous sediment

Front 5

the covalent bonds between hydrogen and oxygen atoms in a water molecule form as a result of the:

Back 5

sharing of electron between atoms

Front 6

many of the unique properties of water are attributed to the fact that water:

Back 6

its a polar molecule

Front 7

which property of water causes coastal communities to have only moderate differences in daily highs and lows when compared to inland communities?

Back 7

high heat capacity

Front 8

the Principle of Constant Proportion states that

Back 8

relative concentration of major ions in seawater doesn't change

Front 9

all of the following processes decrease the salinity of water

Back 9

-sea ice melting

-runoff

- precipitation

Front 10

as the salinity of seawater increases, its

Back 10

temperature decreases

density increases

Front 11

a rapid change in ocean temperature with a change in depth occurs in the

Back 11

thermocline

Front 12

what kind of sediments are most likely to be found in near-shore locations

Back 12

large particles such as gravel

Front 13

sediments produced by plants and animals in the sea are called

Back 13

biogenous

Front 14

manganese nodules are an example of

Back 14

hydrogenous

Front 15

all of the following are true of ocean sediments

Back 15

-they may form from the remains of living organisms falling to the ocean floor

-they may include the remains of ancient rocks of cosmic origin

-they may be composed of precipitates such as calcium carbonate

Front 16

the order of seafloor features from the coast to the mid-ocean ridge is

Back 16

shelf

slope

rise

abyssal plane

Front 17

passive continental margins are characterized by all of the following

Back 17

-broad continental shelves

-very little volcanic activity

-thick sediment accumulation

Front 18

underwater avalanches of muddy water mixed with rocks and debris are

Back 18

turbidity currents

Front 19

along margins of the pacific are found most earth's

Back 19

oceanic trenches

Front 20

new lithosphere is produced in association with

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oceanic ridges

Front 21

the seafloor magnetic pattern is best described as

Back 21

parallel and symmetric to the mid ocean ridge

Front 22

tectonic plate are pieces of the ______ that float on the more fluid _________ below

Back 22

crust

lithosphere

Front 23

the mid Atlantic ridge is an example of a

Back 23

divergent plate boundary

Front 24

the Hawaiian islands are located where the pacific plate is

Back 24

moving over a hot spot or mantle plume

Front 25

the largest ocean basins which currently covers more than half of the ocean surface, is the

Back 25

pacific ocean

Front 26

the average depth of the world's oceans is approximately

Back 26

3700 m

12000 ft

Front 27

all of the following are true about the deepest part of the ocean

Back 27

-the deepest part of the ocean is located in a trench off the coast of the phillipines

-this trench is called the Mariana Trench

-the depth of the trench exceeds the height of mt Everest

-the bottom of the trench was visited by piccard and Walsh in Trieste in 1960

Front 28

the first human from the Western Hemisphere known to have developed the art of navigation were the

Back 28

Phoenicians

Front 29

the first person we are aware of who determined the circumference of the earth using the trig and the angle of the sunlight at Alexandria, Egypt was

Back 29

Eratosthenes

Front 30

the scientific method includes all of the following

Back 30

hypothesis testing

evaluation of data

data collection

Front 31

the sun and the rest of the solar system formed about 5 billion years ago from a huge cloud of dust and gas called a

Back 31

nebula

Front 32

the separation of the earth into layers while it was molten was the result of the

Back 32

differing densities of the materials that make up the earth

Front 33

oceanic crust is primarily

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basalt

Front 34

earth's primordial atmosphere most likely included

Back 34

-carbon dioxide

-water vapor

-sulfur dioxide

-methane

Front 35

radioactive materials can sometimes be used to determine the

Back 35

age of rocks

Front 36

earth is about

Back 36

4.6 billion years old