Exam 1: Matching

Front 1

Rubrication

Back 1

The process of highlighting words though the utilization of colored ink.

Front 2

Small Capitals

Back 2

Uppercase letters that are sized equal to the "x-hight" of a given typeface and therefore smaller than the standard uppercase letters.

Front 3

Gothic

Back 3

An alternative name for blackletter type that imitates medieval script; alternatively, in the United States in commonly refers to sans serif type

Front 4

Blackletter

Back 4

The general term for typefaces that resemble the forms of medieval script; the positive space formed by black ink overwhelms the negative white space of the pater.

Front 5

Justified

Back 5

The spacing of text so that the ends of lines are even.

Front 6

Woodcut

Back 6

Relief printing in which the image in carved into a block of wood to facilitate reproduction.

Front 7

Letterpress

Back 7

Printing technique whereby the ink is supported on a raised surface, such as the letters of metal type.

Front 8

Incunabula

Back 8

(singular "incunabulum") Books printed before 1501.

Front 9

Roman

Back 9

A typeface style dating from the Renaissance, originally derived from Carolingian minuscule; roman letter feature serifs. Alternatively, the regular-weight, unitalicized version of typeface.

Front 10

Stress

Back 10

In typeface, this denotes the angle of the major axis around which the strokes of a letter are structured ( not the angle of the strokes themselves).

Front 11

Old Style

Back 11

Roman type originally devised in the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries that is characterized by understand contrast, bracketed serifs, and oblique stress.

Front 12

Transitional

Back 12

Seventeenth-century roman type that is characterized by vertical stress, significant contrast, wide proportions, and thin, elegant serifs.

Front 13

Modern

Back 13

Eighteenth-century roman type that is characterized by extreme contrast in stroke thickness, staunchly vertical stress, and hairline serifs.

Front 14

Fraktur

Back 14

Blackletter type characterized by "fractured" forms that originated in Germany in the early sixteenth century; also used as a general synonym for blackletter type.

Front 15

X-height

Back 15

A standardized type measurement based on the size of a lowercase letter ( excluding any ascenders or descenders) such as the letter x.

Front 16

Jobbing Printer

Back 16

A general term for a printing house and its employees working "job to job," without apparent specialization.

Front 17

Art Nouveau

Back 17

Literally "new art," a late nineteenth-century decorative arts movement in Europe and the United States that favored a unified design style based on organic forms, and featured a significant Asian—particularly Japanese— formal influence.

Front 18

Industrial Revolution

Back 18

The process beginning in the eighteenth century whereby Europe experienced a transition from a predominately agrarian economy to a industrial economy.

Front 19

Lithography

Back 19

A planographic printing technique invented in 1796 by Alois Senefelder.

Front 20

Chromolithography

Back 20

Color lithography; the process whereby a color image is reproduced using flat stones that have been drown on with greasy ink or crayons. A separate stone is used for each color.

Front 21

Halftone

Back 21

A commercial method for printing images so as to preserve their tonal scale.

Front 22

Rococo

Back 22

A French eighteenth-century design style that featured exuberant color, sinuous forms, and an overall emphasis on a sensual atmosphere.

Front 23

Hoardings

Back 23

Akin to a billboard, a hoardings is an exterior space (such as a wall) intended for the presentation of posters.

Front 24

Foreshortened

Back 24

The result of a drawing technique that allows for the accurate representation of elements perpendicular to the picture plane, such as finger pointing at the viewer.

Front 25

Horror Vacui

Back 25

Literally, a fear of empty space. The term refers to a composition that completely fills the frame.

Front 26

Sans Serif

Back 26

A letter or typeface that does not feature serifs.

Front 27

Slab Serif

Back 27

A typeface that features heavy rectangular serifs.

Front 28

Serifs

Back 28

A small stroke at the end of the major lines of a character.

Front 29

Historicism

Back 29

A strategy whereby designers reference style from the past.

Front 30

Linotype

Back 30

An industrial machine, developed in 1886, that facilitated mechanical typesetting by setting an entire line of type.

Front 31

Monotype

Back 31

An industrial machine, developed in 1887 that facilitated mechanical typesetting by producing type character by character.

Front 32

Grotesque

Back 32

A synonyms for sans serif type commonly used in Europe.

Front 33

Arts and Crafts

Back 33

A late nineteenth-century decorative arts movement in Europe and the United States that rejected industrial production in favor of handcrafted goods with simple, often geometric, designs.

Front 34

Ukiyo-e

Back 34

Literally "picture of the floating world," the term generally refers to Japanese woodblock prints that feature images of actors, courtesans, or landscape.

Front 35

Bijin-ga

Back 35

A subset of Ukiyo-e woodblock prints that showcase images of beautiful young women, mainly courtesans.

Front 36

Japonisme

Back 36

The European, especially French, adoption of Japanese art and fashion during the late nineteenth century.

Front 37

Curvilinear

Back 37

A design characterized by fluid, curving lines.

Front 38

Arabesques

Back 38

The term denotes the geometric patterns that were a popular part of Art Nouveau style.

Front 39

Organic Form

Back 39

A form in art that is derived from the normal world thorough its shape, which is often curving, irregular, and plant-like.

Front 40

Symbolism

Back 40

A late nineteenth-century movement in literature and the other arts based in France, which focused on themes of spirituality, sensuality, and the artist's subjective experience of the world.

Front 41

Avant-garde

Back 41

From a French military expression, the term refers to artists who are at the revolutionary edge of stylistic and conceptual experimentation.

Front 42

Stylized

Back 42

Designs that appear to be structured round a set style or group of compositional rules.

Front 43

Aesthetic movement

Back 43

A British corollary to the French Symbolist movement in literature and the arts. Artists who were part of the movement—such as Oscar Wilde—reveled in sensuality, mysticism, and beauty. It was sometimes disparagingly referred to as the Decadent movement.

Front 44

Rectilinear

Back 44

A design characterized by straight lines.

Front 45

Orthogonal

Back 45

Relates to a design that is structured mostly with right angles, such as a grid.

Front 46

Architectonic

Back 46

Relates to a composition structured in such a way that its forms are suggestive of the elements of architecture.

Front 47

Vienna Secession

Back 47

A group of young artists in late nineteenth-century Vienna who rejected the conservative artistic conventions of the era.

Front 48

Secessionstil

Back 48

Literally "Secession Style," a synonym for Art Nouveau as it was practiced in Vienna.

Front 49

Gesamtkunstwerk

Back 49

A "total work of art," meaning a piece—originating with the music dramas of Richard Wagner—that collapses every possible aesthetic experience into a unified whole.

Front 50

Wiener Werkstatte

Back 50

The "Viennese Workshops," a group of artists spun off in 1905 from the Vienna Secession who wanted to raise the quality of Austrian decorative arts.

Front 51

Kunstgewerbeschule

Back 51

A school dedicated to the theory and practice of the decorative arts.

Front 52

Logotype

Back 52

A visual symbol that identifies a given company or institution, such and trademark.

Front 53

Expressionism

Back 53

Generally speaking any artistic style that focuses more on reproducing the say the world feels than on how it looks.

Front 54

Jugendstil

Back 54

A German synonym for Art Nouveau meaning "young art," derived from the magazine Jugend.

Front 55

Planar

Back 55

A design dominated by flat planes.

Front 56

Whiplash curve

Back 56

A defining stylistic element of Art Nouveau, it is an S curve that is suggestive of the pent-up energy of a whip suspended in mid-air.

Front 57

Deutscher Werkbund

Back 57

A German organization founded in Munich in 1907 with the intention of raising the quality, both aesthetic and functional, of the nation's industrial production.