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26 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is the purpose of testing Hematocrit?
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To determine the ratio of plasma volume to total blood cell mass.
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What are the normal Hematocrit values?
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Male adult: 43-49%
Female adult: 38-44% |
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What are the critical values of Hematocrit?
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Less than 18% or greater than 54%
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When there are abnormal Hematocrit values, what does that mean?
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An increased value means there is disease such as COPD or Polycythemia Vera. It could also mean that there is severe dehydration (low blood volume) or hemorrhage.
A decreased value means the patient is anemic or there is blood loss (acute/chronic) |
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What is Hemoglobin?
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Hemoglobin is the main component of a RBC. It consists of amino acids that form a protein called globin and a compound called heme which contains iron and red pigment. Each RBC contains 200-300 million molecules of hemoglobin.
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What is the function of hemoglobin?
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To carry oxygen to the cells and to maintain acid base balance.
When Hemoglobin is tested it is to determine if the pt is anemic. |
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What are the normal values of Hemoglobin?
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Adult male: 13.2 - 17.3 g/DL
Adult female: 11.7 - 15.5 g/DL Older Male: 12.6 - 17.4 g/DL Older female: 11.7 - 16.1 g/DL |
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What are the critical values of Hemoglobin?
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Less than 6 and greater than 18 g/DL
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What does it mean if Hemoglobin is increased?
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Hemoconcentration of the blood where circulating fluid volume of blood is decreased means COPD, CHF
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What does it mean if Hemoglobin is decreased?
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Various types of anemias, fluid volume excess, pregnancy, nutritional deficits
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Why is Potassium important?
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Important for proper cellular function, especially cardiac cells.
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What are considered normal Potassium values?
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3.5 - 5.0 mEq/L
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What are the critical values of potassium?
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Less than 2.5 and greater than 6.5
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What would cause an increased potassium value?
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Dehydration
Diet Tissue trauma Acute Renal Failure |
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What would cause a decreased potassium value?
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Alcoholism
IV therapy w/inadequate K+ supplementation GI loss (vomiting, diarrhea, NG tube suctioning) |
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What is the origin of blood glucose?
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Glucose is a simple sugar the body metabolizes for most of its energy
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What are the normal values of glucose?
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Adult: 75-110mg/DL
>60 years old: 80-115 mg/DL >90 years old: 75-120 mg/DL |
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What are the critical values for glucose?
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< 40 and > 400 mg/DL
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What are the factors that would increase glucose?
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Diabetes
Severe liver and renal disease |
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What are the factors that would decrease glucose?
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Acute alcohol ingestion
Malabsorption syndrome Excessive insulin therapy Starvation |
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What is the origin of Serum Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN)?
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Urea is a nonprotein nitrogen compound formed as an end product of protein metabolism.
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What is the purpose of testing BUN?
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BUN levels reflect the balance between the production and excretion of urea.
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What are the normal values of BUN?
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Adult: 8-21 mg/DL
>90 Years of age: 10-31 mg/dl |
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What are the critical values of BUN?
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100 mg/DL
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What are the factors causing an increase in the BUN value?
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Acute renal failure
CHF Hypovolemia |
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What are the factors causing a decrease in the BUN values?
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Inadequate dietary protein intake
Malabsorption syndrome Severe liver disease |
