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99 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Which of the following is a synthetic statement?
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Green light means go.
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What type of statement is: All bachelors are unmarried men?
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Analytic
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What is a tautological statement?
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BOTH
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Ethics & Values is an atheistic or at least an agnostic academic study.
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FALSE
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Academic knowledge is limited to rational reasoning and empirical evidence.
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TRUE
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What is an analytic statement?
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A tautology
Predicate is contained in the subject. |
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Analytic statements provide new knowledge at the expense of only being conditionally true.
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FALSE
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Ethics & Values can only be studied using a divine command or at least a faith based perspective.
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FALSE
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Which of the following best defines epistemology?
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The study of the origin, nature, and limits of knowledge, including its justification.
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Synthetic statements provide absolute truths at the expense of not providing new knowledge, i.e., tautological.
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FALSE
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Which of the following is a analytic statement?
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All bachelors are unmarried men.
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It is impossible to empirically prove the nonexistence of something.
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TRUE
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Match the Analytic and Synthetic statements.
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1 All bachelors are unmarried men. - Analytic
2 Green light means go. - Synthetic 3 Tautology. - Analytic 4 Absolutely true. - Analytic 5 Conditionally true. - Synthetic 6 Predicate is contained in the subject. - Analytic 7 Predicate is not contained in the subject. - Synthetic |
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“Survival of the fittest” is either a contradiction to the term “natural selection” or else it becomes a tautology.
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TRUE
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Evolution that is based on empirical facts can only provide deterministic cause and effect facts.
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TRUE
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One attractive aspect of evolution is its ability to “observe” not only cause effect relations but also the teleological purposes or ends that those causes serve.
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FALSE
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For natural selection, which of the following are true?
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ALL
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Name a philosopher that may have greatly contributed to the nonacceptance of the process of evolution and/or natural selection.
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PLATO
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Value, purpose, or meaning …
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ALL
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Which of the following is true?
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ALL
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Kant, Mill, and Moore all agree that an end cannot be proven, rather they have to be accepted axiomatically as postulates or assumptions.
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TRUE
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John Stuart Mill argued which of the following?
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ALL
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G.E. Moore argued that appealing to one or more natural properties, such as pleasure, or preference, and then to claim that those natural properties were entirely the same as “goodness” would be committing the naturalistic fallacy.
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TRUE
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Richard Dawkins coined the term “meme” (sounds like “gene”) to refer to the cognitive or nonphysical process of natural selection.
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TRUE
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Who argued that natural selection also occurs with regards to cognitive traditions, values and beliefs?
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DAWKINS
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Who made the distinction between the non-physical noumenal realm and the physical phenomenal realm?
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KANT
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Kant argued that even if moral principles are rationally determined, it still could be useful and permissible to consider the principles as empirical laws of nature.
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TRUE
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Rationalists believe which of the following?
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There is a distinction between primary and secondary qualities.
Some knowledge can be known to be true without empirical verification. |
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Secondary qualities that are caused by sense data are just as deterministic as primary qualities.
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TRUE
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Sense perceptions, (such as sight, sound, taste, smell, and sight), as experienced in the mind may have little similarity with the real, or objective reality.
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TRUE
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Mind body dualism is not a misperception according to this text.
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FALSE
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Primary qualities are all anyone can sensibly perceive.
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FALSE
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Empiricists believe which of the following?
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All knowledge comes from sense experience
There is a distinction between primary and secondary qualities. |
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If all that people can experience are subjective cognitive experiences, then logically it is impossible for them to experience an objective primary quality as all experiences are defined as being subjective.
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TRUE
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Most scientists recognize that sense data experiences faithfully represent the causation of such experiences.
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FALSE
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One serious problem with secondary qualities is that since they are subjective, it follows that they are therefore in relative in relation to other people's experiences.
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FALSE
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Primary and secondary qualities along with the assumption of freedom, fails to be coherent with Kant's phenomenal deterministic realm and his noumenal realm with his assumption of freedom.
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FALSE
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Primary and secondary qualities along with the assumption of freedom, fails to be coherent with Mill's distinction between deterministic proofs and his unprovable ultimate ends.
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FALSE
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The primary and secondary quality distinctions fails to make the connection between the mental experiences of the subject and the physical need of the brain in order to have the experience.
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TRUE
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Which of the following is true regarding secondary qualities?
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Characteristics that exist only when sensed and then only “in the mind” of the one who senses them.
Without minds, there would be none of these qualities. |
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Which of the following is true regarding primary qualities?
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Intrinsic characteristics of a physical object itself.
These qualities are ones that objects would continue to possess even if there were no perceiving beings in the world. |
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Which of the following are rational arguments against solipsism?
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A person cannot experience another’s experiences
Most perceptions are determined Languages are communal. |
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What is the tree falling in the forest analogy meant to communicate?
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What can be known using subjective experiences.
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Solipsism is the problem of the individual being extended into the external world at the expense of the inner world of experience.
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FALSE
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There is academic agreement about the nature of reality external to experiences.
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FALSE
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The naive realist believes that secondary qualities are in fact primary qualities.
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TRUE
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The primary secondary qualities distinction does not detract from the holistic point of view.
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FALSE
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There are more intersubjective disagreements on the broad and general principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice than agreements.
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FALSE
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The distinction between primary and secondary qualities can have the consequence of diminishing the reliability of empirical data.
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TRUE
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The external world is silent and colorless, and the internal world of subjective experiences is often times noisy and colorful.
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TRUE
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The sophisticated realist believes that although we can only have sense-experience of secondary qualities, the cause(s) of those sense perceptions are in fact real.
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TRUE
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Which of the following are empirical evidences against solipsism?
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Technology interacts with the environment
Natural selection necessitates existence Empiricism proves existence. |
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Solipsistic states are not a serious resultant problem with the primary and secondary distinctions.
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FALSE
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Which of the following is true with regards to the primary and secondary quality distinction?
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ALL
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What conceptual issues occur with regard to freedom?
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ALL
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Freedom is a primary quality.
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FALSE
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Primary qualities are just as deterministic as secondary qualities.
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TRUE
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Cognitive freedom is intuitively agreeable and practical.
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TRUE
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If freedom is indeterminable in terms of causation, then free-will would not be falsifiable.
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TRUE
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Primary and secondary quality distinctions along with the assumption of freedom, fails to address David Hume’s “is-ought” problem.
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FALSE
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The rejection of hard determinism for freedom is not a rational position.
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FALSE
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All knowledge must start out with an unprovable first principle, and for Ethics & Values that first principle is freedom.
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TRUE
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All first principles are provable otherwise they would fail the scientific test of being unfalsifiable.
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FALSE
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Compatibilism or soft determinism argues which of the following?
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ALL 3 EXCEPT
Some effects are not determined. |
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Behavior modification can only be thought of as a free will activity.
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FALSE
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Cognitive freedom is compatible with a deterministic empirical phenomenal world.
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TRUE
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Freedom is simply a random axiom or postulate and is therefore unlike the axioms and postulates of mathematics.
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FALSE
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If hard determinism is true then moral responsibility becomes incoherent.
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TRUE
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If hard determinism is true then all events are necessitated by earlier events, i.e., all present and future events are as fixed and unalterable as the past is fixed and unalterable.
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TRUE
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If the only categories that exist are deterministic primary and secondary qualities then which of the following is true?
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Freedom would be an illusion.
Freedom would be ignorance of causation. |
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If language is the same as sense data then language is the same as that of which the language represents.
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FALSE
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If an experience is subjective and incommunicable then it logically follows that it is also relative.
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FALSE
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If language is sense data then language is not representative of thoughts.
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TRUE
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It is logically impossible to experience primary qualities if, by definition, all experiences are in fact subjective, yet science is still able to be practical in its manifestations.
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TRUE
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It is a known empirical fact that most people have dissimilar subjective experiences of color.
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FALSE
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If language, whether mathematical, linguistic, diagrammatic, etc., is in the same category as the other sense perceptions, then language is likewise an experiential mental linguistic construct.
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TRUE
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Body language is best able to deal with communications and thoughts that deal with which of the following?
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Pleasure and pain.
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If the hermeneutical circle is sound, then it is not the case that it is a vicious circle.
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FALSE
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Intersubjective agreements are sufficient evidence that there are shared subjective incommunicable experiences. In other words, just because an experience is subjective and incommunicable, it does not follow that the experiences are relative.
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TRUE
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If all thought is language and all language is thought then which of the following is true?
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ALL
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If all thought is language and all language is thought then which of the following is true?
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BOTH
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If language is a secondary quality then which of the following is true?
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ALL
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Although people may interpret or understand language differently …
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ALL
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If all the subjective cognitive experiences caused by both the sense data of language, and all of the other perceptions, are all that a being can know about the world, then which of the following is true?
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ALL 3 EXCEPT
Some knowledge can be known independent of a beings subjective cognitive experience. |
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It is reasonable to argue that language is a type of sense data that stimulates ideas, but not the actual ideas themselves.
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TRUE
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This is a work that linguistically describes Principlism as a form of ethics and values both as a descriptive science and as a prescriptive metaphysics.
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TRUE
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Solipsistic existence is not the case as reproduction does occur and solipsism would not have evolved if it did in fact interfere with the passing on of genetic traits and memes.
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TRUE
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Mathematical language is best able to deal with communications and thoughts that deal with which of the following?
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SENSE DATA
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The hermeneutical circle states: in order to understand the whole a person needs to understand the parts, but to understand the parts a person needs to understand the whole.
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TRUE
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Principlism and its broad and general principles of autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficence and justice are shared intersubjective values that do not conflict with many if not most worldviews.
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TRUE
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People practically do know that perceivers are not totally solipsistic as …
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ALL
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No knowledge is a subjective cognitive experience, rather all knowledge exists independently of the experiencer.
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FALSE
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One central issue related to language is whether or not language determines thoughts.
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TRUE
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It is possible to point to different coherent, scientific, factual, and inter-subjective world-views and then use the practical approach of Principlism to help make moral decisions in pluralistic environments.
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TRUE
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One particular language framework is capable of communicating all forms of communications.
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FALSE
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It is quite possible that there is a categorical difference between an idea or thought and a language that represents such.
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TRUE
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It is possible to hold to the position that personal reality is the same as language even if there is a reality independent of language and experiences.
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TRUE
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Which of the following is true about an electron?
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ALL
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Verbal and written language is best able to deal with communications and thoughts that deal with which of the following?
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History and verbal thoughts.
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