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54 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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The Light Microscope |
lenses bend light-bending light waves from tiny objects apart |
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Scanning electron Microscope |
High res. surfaces |
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cytoplasm |
surrounded by a membrane |
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all living cells share? |
internal content: cytoplasm, dna chromosomes, ribosomes, and life processes |
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bacterial shapes |
coccus, bacsillus, spirilium
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unusual shapes of bacteria |
star shaped:stella square shaped: haloarcula |
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is it true most bacteria are monomorphic? |
yes, only a few are polymorphic |
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monomorphic |
one shape |
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polymorphic |
more than one shape |
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arrangements |
pairs: diplo clusters: staphylo chains: strepto |
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what do the arrangement of cells depend on? |
the pattern of division and how cells remain attached after the division |
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flagella |
outside cell wall, aid in motility for the cell |
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periplasmic flagella |
space between outer sheath and cell wall, making twisting motion, also called axial filament |
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what does the axial filament rotation cause? |
cell to move |
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chemotaxis |
chemical stimuli |
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phototaxis |
light stimuli |
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counterclockwise runs result in what type of motion for the cell? |
smooth linear direction |
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what does clockwise do to the cell? |
causes tumbling |
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monotrichous |
single flagellum at one end |
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lophotrichous |
small bunches emerging from the same site |
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amphittrichous |
flagella at both ends of cell |
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petritrichous |
flagella dispersed over surface of cell |
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fimbriae |
fine, protein hairlike bristles, function in sticking to other cells/surfaces |
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pili |
riding, only in gram negative, function in partial dna transfer |
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conjugation |
partial dna transfer |
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glycocaylx |
coating of molecules external to the cell wall made of sugars and or proteins |
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slime layer |
loosely organized and attached |
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highly organized, tightly attached |
capsule |
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functions of glycocalyx |
protects cells from dehydration/nutrient loss, inhibits killing by white blood cells, attachment formation of biofilms |
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function of cell wall |
holds shape, prevents bursting, attaches outer structures, contains peptidoglycan |
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gram positive bacteria |
thick wall of peptidoglycan |
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gram neg bacteria |
outer membrane, thin peptidoglycan layer |
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what is the most useful stain in microbiology? |
gram stain |
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periplasmic space |
with thin peptidoglycan layer |
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nontypical cell walls |
acid fast, gram positive, some no cell wall |
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lysozyme |
in tears, digests peptidoglycan |
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penicillin |
inhibits peptide bridges in peptidoglycan |
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what are the two damages to cell wall? |
lysozyme, penicillin |
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plasma membrane function |
thin, separates cell sensitivity, lets only some molecules in or out |
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fluid mosaic model |
bilayer with embedded proteins |
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cytoplasma |
dense gelatinous mix of sugars, aa, salts, 70/80% water, solvent in materials used in cell functions |
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nucleiod |
bundled area of the bacterial dna |
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what do ribosomes make? |
protein |
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are ribosomes found in all cells? |
yes |
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inclusions and granules |
intracellular storage bodies, vary in size/#/content, can be used when environment resources are depleted |
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are some inclusions and granules magnetic? |
yes |
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cytoskeleton |
in many bacteria, internal network of proteins, near cell wall |
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endospores |
grow inside the cells then released, mean no sign of life, can be resistant to stresses, most durable |
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prokaryotes unusual characteristics |
free living |
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cyanobacteria |
photosynthetic, ancestors of chloroplasts |
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green and purple sulfur bac |
photosynthetic, anaerobic, produce sulfur |
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gliding/fruiting bacteria |
glide over moist surfaces and swarm in groups |
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what are the gliding bacteria groups called?? |
wolf packs |
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obligate intracellular parasites |
rickettsias |
