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48 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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4 elements account for more than 99% of the total number of atoms in the human body. What are they? |
Hydrogen Oxygen Carbon Nitrogen |
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How Does the body respond to overheating? |
Integumentary system begins to produce perspiration for evaporative cooling. |
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Vital Properties of the body (5) |
1) Responsiveness 2) Growth & Differentiation 3) Reproduction 4) Movement 5) Metabolism & Excretion |
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Skeletal System other than providing a framework and support for movement, provides two other physiological contributions to the body? |
1) Hematopoeisis (Formation of Blood Cells) 2) Storehouse for Calcium (Ca) |
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Muscular System contribution and it's three main types of Muscular tissue: |
-Movement & Produces body heat -Skeletal, Cardiac and Smooth |
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One of the main functions of the Nervous System: |
Detection of stimuli & response through activation of muscles & glands via neurotransmitters |
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Respiratory supplies ____ and removes from the body? |
-Supplies O2, and Removes CO2 |
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Urinary system maintains what for the blood? |
-Water, Salt & pH (acid-base balance) for the blood |
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How does the body respond to extremely low body temperature? Extremely high? |
-Reactions slow down and eventually stop when it's too low -Reactions too face and body proteins breakdown when it's too high |
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Type of feedback considered common within the human body: |
-Negative feedback: Examples of factors monitored are Heart rate, blood pressure, blood glucose levels, oxygen, carbon diaxide |
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Type of feedback considered rare in the human body: |
-Positive feedback: Rare because it leads to increase to stimulus, ex. Blood clotting, & contraction frequency in birth. |
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The "control center" for negative feedback to maintain homeostasis in the body |
Hypothalamus |
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The Plasmalemma has what kind of a surrounding layer? |
Phospholipid Bilayer |
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The phospholipid head on the external layer of the plasmalemma has what kind of relationship with H20? The tail? |
-Head is Hydrophilic (Water Loving) -Tail is Hydrophobic (Water Fearing) |
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Two general types of membrane proteins within the plasmalemma: |
-Peripheral and Integral Proteins |
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The _____ Process of Diffusion alters the concentration in what way? The difference between the concentration is? |
-Passive; Alters concentration of Higher to a Lower Concentration. -Concentration Gradient |
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The _____ Process of Osmosis focuses primarily on diffusing what kind of molecules? How does it affect certain concentrations? |
-Passive; Diffuses an area of lower WATER concentration toward an area of higher SOLUTE concentration. |
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Solutes are passively transported across a plasmalemma by a carrier protein. Direction follows the concentration gradient. |
Facilitated Diffusion |
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An active transport that move specific substances across the plasmalemma despite any opposing concentration gradient. |
Active Transport |
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In active transport, what are the carrier proteins that movie one solute in one direction to another in the opposite direction? |
Exchange Pumps |
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This form of active transport contains 3 different forms? |
-Endocytosis; Pinocytosis, Phagocytosis, & Receptor-mediated endocytosis |
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-Pinocytosis is also known as: -Phagocytosis is also known as: |
- "Cell Drinking" (Smaller Molecules) - "Cell Eating" (Solid Particles) |
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The packaging of extracellular materials into a vesicle (a membrane-bound sac) for importation into the cell. |
Endocytosis |
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Active process when target molecules bind to specific receptor proteins on the membrane surface, triggering vesicle formation. |
Reception-Mediated endocytosis |
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Active process The release of fluids and/or solids from cells when intercellular vesicles fuse with the plasmalemma |
Exocytosis |
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Increase surface area and actively engaged in absorbing materials from the extracellular fluid |
Microvilli |
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Contains dissolved nutrients, ions, soluble & insoluble proteins, and waste products. |
Cytosol |
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The _____ contains a high concentration of potassium ions, whereas the ______ contains a high concentration of ______ ions |
-Cytosol -Extracellular fluid; Sodium |
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Within the cytosol are these masses of insoluble materials: |
Inclusions/Inclusion Bodies |
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These bundles of fibers that provide framework that provides the cytoplasm strength and flexibility |
Cytoskeleton |
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List 5 examples of nonmembranous organelles |
Cytoskeleton Centrioles Cilia Flagella Ribosomes |
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Groups of microtubules form these three structures: |
Centrioles, cilia, and flagella |
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Contains the Serous Membrane |
Visceral Layer |
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What are the building blocks of carbohydrates? |
Sugars, Starch & Glycogen |
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What are the building blocks of Lipids? |
Fatty acids & glycerol |
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What are the building blocks of proteins? |
Amino acids |
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What are the building blocks of nucleic acids? |
DNA/RNA |
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3 modes of Epithelial gland secretion: |
Monocrine (Exocytosis) Apocine (Loss of Cytoplasm) Holocrine (Bursting of Glandular Cells) |
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Connective Tissues have 3 main parts: |
-Macrophages -Fibroblasts -Mast Cells |
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4 Types of membranes: |
-Cutaneous -Synovial -Serous -Mucous |
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3 Types of Muscle Tissue: |
Skeletal Cardiac Smooth |
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Which muscle tissues are voluntary? Involuntary? |
Skeletal Muscle (Voluntary) Cardiac & Smooth (Involuntary) |
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Essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division; organization of microtubules in cytoskeleton |
Centrosome |
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Functions to provide Protein synthesis in a cell |
Ribosomes |
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Produces 95% of ATP required by the cell |
Mitochondria |
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Site of rRNA synthesis and assembly of ribosomal subunits |
Nucleus |
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Packaging of newly synthesized proteins. Lipid Steroid, & Carbohydrate synthesis; calcium ion storage. |
Endoplasmic Reticulum |
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Storage, alteration & packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes |
Golgi Apparatus |
