Exam 1 Biopsych

Front 1

Brain

Back 1

grey matter: outside
white matter: inside

Front 2

Brain sections

Back 2

Forebrain
Midbrain (Mesencephalong)
Hindbrain

Front 3

Forebrain sections

Back 3

Telecephalon
Diencephalon

Front 4

Telencephalon

Back 4

Brain-Forebrain-Telencephalon

Cortex
Limbic System
Basal Ganglia

Front 5

Diencephalon

Back 5

Brain-Forebrain-Diencephalon

Thalamus
Hypothalamus

Front 6

Cortex

Back 6

Brian-Forebrain-Telencephalon-Cortex

Frontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital

Front 7

Limbic System

Back 7

Brain-Forebrain-Telencephalon-Limbic System

Amygdala
Cingulate Cortex
Fornix
Hippocampus
Mammilary Bodies
Olfactory bulb

Front 8

Basal Ganglia

Back 8

Brain-Forebrain-Telencephalon-Basal Ganglia

Striatum (Caudate/Putamen)
Globus pallidus

Front 9

Thalamus

Back 9

Brian-Forebrain-Diencephalon-Thalamus

Lateral geniculate nucleus (visual)
Medial geniculate nucleus (auditory)

Front 10

Hypothalamus

Back 10

Brain-Forebrain-Diencephalon-Hypothalamus

Autonomic Nervous System
Endocrine Nervous System

Front 11

Midbrain

Back 11

Tectum
Tegmentum

Front 12

Tectum

Back 12

Brain-Midbrain-Tectum

Superior Colliculi (eye mvmt)

Inferior colliculi (auditory function; sends the incoming auditory info to the thalamus)

Front 13

Tegmentum

Back 13

Brain-Midbrain-Tegmentum

Periaquaductal Grey Area
Red Nucleus
Reticular Formation
Substantia Nigra
Ventral Tegmental Area

Front 14

Hindbrain

Back 14

Brain-Hindbrain:

Metencephalon
Myelencephalon

Front 15

Metencephalon

Back 15

Brain-Hindbrain-Metencephalon

Cerebellum
Pons

Front 16

Myelencephalon

Back 16

Brain-Hindbrain-Myelencephalon

Medulla Oblongata

Front 17

Frontal Cortex/Lobe

Back 17

Brain-Forebrain- Telencphalon-Cortex- Frontal Lobe

Prefrontal Cortex ("human"; rostral/front of brain)
Primary Motor Cortex (PMC)
Motor Association Cortex (MAC)

Front 18

Prefrontal Cortex

Back 18

Brain-Forebrain- Telencephalon- Cortex-Frontal Lobe-Prefrontal Cortex

personality
organization; "human"; planning; future

Front 19

Primary Motor Cortex (PMC)

Back 19

Brain-Forebrain - Telencephalon- Cerebral Cortex - Frontal Lobe/Cortex - PMC

Controls motor output contra-laterally;
sends "go" message to muscles;
somatotopic organization

Front 20

Cerebral Cortex of the Telencephalon

Back 20

Surrounds cerebral hemispheres

convoluted in human/primate brain and smooth in lower species

Gyri- buldges
Sulci-small grooves b/t gyri
Fissures- large grooves b/t gyri

GREY MATTER - densely packed brain cells (outside)

(white matter= connections between cells; inside_

Front 21

Motor Association Cortex (MAC)

Back 21

Brain - Forebrain - Telencephalon - Cerebral Cortex - Frontal Lobe/Cortex - MAC

Anterior to PMC, transfers infor to PMC to give "go message"
Plans movement

Front 22

Parietal Lobe/Coretx

Back 22

Brain-Forebrain-Telencephalon - Coretx - Pareiteal Lobe

PSC: Primary Somatosensory Cortex

SAC: Somatosensory Association Cortex

Front 23

PSC (Primary Somatosensory Cortex)

Back 23

Brain - Forebrain - Telencephalon - Coretex - Pareital Lobe - PSC

location - post-central gyrus (right behind PMC in frontal)
receives contra-lateral sensory info
Somatoptropic organization

Front 24

SAC (Somatosensory Association Cortex)

Back 24

Located posterior to the PSC
somatosensory perception and memories
transefers info afte

Front 25

Temporal Lobe of Cerebral Cortex

Back 25

PAC: primary auditory cortex
AAC: Auditory Assication cortex

Front 26

PAC

Back 26

Primary Auditory COrtex of TEMPORAL LOBE

recieves auditory input like the pitch, volume, sound. Does not know what the sound it, just takes it in.

bilateral system

Front 27

AAC

Back 27

Auditory Association Cortex of the Temporal Lobe

interprets sound, "that is my cell phone"

stores auditory memories, analyzes auditory info

Front 28

Occipital Lobe of Cerebral Cortex

Back 28

PVC: primary visual coretx
VAC: Visual association cortex

Front 29

PVC

Back 29

primary visual cortex of the Occipital Lobe

Input form the contralateral visual field

(mid-line to the right side of the visual field all goes into the left retina, which goes to the right lobe)

takes in the incoming visual stimuli

Front 30

VAC

Back 30

Visual association cortex of the Occipital lobe

lateral ot the PVC
extends into the ventral temporal lobe
analyzes visual info
involved in visual perception

Front 31

Corpus Callosum

Back 31

thick axon bundle connection regions of the hemisphere, toward the core (long circle white thing in pics)

Coordinates sencory processing and motor output between the hemispheres

humans can live without! Seizures (epilepsy) that do not respond to drugs have the corpus callousum cut in half so crazy electricty signals in brain cannot be coordinated to other side of brain

Front 32

Amygdala

Back 32

Limbic System of Telencephalon

emotion (negative), anger, fear, learning and memory

Front 33

Cingulate Cortex

Back 33

LS

Emotion, learning, memory

Front 34

Fornix

Back 34

LS

Connects hipocampus with mammilary bodies

Front 35

Hippocampus

Back 35

LS

earning and memory

Front 36

mammilary bodies

Back 36

LS

memory

Front 37

Olfactory Bulb

Back 37

LS

sense of smell

Front 38

Basal Ganglia

Back 38

Telencephelon of forebrain

Motivation, generation of movemement

striatum (caudate nucleus and putamen)
Globus pallidus

Basal ganglia responds to primary motor cortex of frontal lobe because that is what sends "go" message

Front 39

Thalamus

Back 39

of Deincephalon of forebrain

relays info

1. lateral geniculate nucleus
2. medial geniculate nucleus

"mail room"; projection fibers=axon bundles extending from thalamus

Front 40

Lateral geniculate nucleus

Back 40

In the thalamus of the diencephalon:

vision info comes in before it goes to the primary visual cortex of the occipital lobe

Front 41

Medial geniculate nucleus

Back 41

autidotry info comes here before it goes to the autidory cortex of the temporal lobe

Front 42

Hypothalamus

Back 42

brain- forebrain- diencephalon - Basal Ganglia - hypothalamus

controls the autonomic NS and endocrine system

Front 43

Endocrine system

Back 43

B-Fore-Dien-BG-HYPO

anterior pituitary "master" gland, secretes hormones

posterior pituitary: extension of hypothalamus, secretes hypothalamic hormones

Front 44

MIDBRAIN (mesencephalon)

Back 44

Brain- midbrain!

Tectum
Tegmentum

Front 45

Tectum

Back 45

of Midbrain (mesencephalon)

located on the DORSAL mesencephalon

- superior colliculi
- inferior colliculi

Front 46

Tegmentum

Back 46

Mesencephalon

-Periaquaductal grey area
- Red nucleus
- Reticular formation
- Substantia nigra
Ventral tegmental area

Front 47

superior colliculi

Back 47

eye movement

(Tectum of midbrain)

Front 48

inferior colliculi

Back 48

auditory functioning. sends incoming auditory stimuli to the thalamus or mail room (medial geniculate nucleus) and sends it to teh primary auditory cortec (PAC) of the temporal lobe

Front 49

reticular formation

Back 49

tegmentum of midbrain

keeps us awake, arousal

Front 50

Red nucleus

Back 50

Tegmentum of midbrain

motor system, motor neurons info pass through on their here on their way to the primary motor cortex of the frontal cortex/lobe

Front 51

Periaquaductal grey area

Back 51

pain regulating; species specific behaviorl mating, aggression

Tegmentum of mid brain

Front 52

Substantia Nigra

Back 52

Tegmentum of midbrain

motor behaviors
dopamine
aids basal ganglia's striatum (of telecephalon) in generating movement direction

Parkinson's axons in SN destroyed

Front 53

Ventral Tegmental Area

Back 53

tegmentum of midbrain

sends axons to prefrontal cortex, then to the limbic ssystem. reward and reinforcement. drugs - feel good, plan to do it agian!

Front 54

Hindbrain

Back 54

metencephalon
Mylelencephalon

Front 55

Metencephalonn

Back 55

Hindbrain

Cerebellum
Pons

Front 56

fart (en)

Back 56

speed, motion

Front 57

Pons

Back 57

Hindbrain-metencephalon-

ventral brain stem

arousal/sleep
projects info from cortex to cerebellum for movement

Front 58

Hindbrain

Back 58

most primative brain structure "don't have to remember these things"

surrounds 4th ventricle

cerebellum, pons, medulla

Front 59

Myelencephalon

Back 59

Hindbrain

Medulla oblongata

Front 60

Medulla Oblogata

Back 60

Hindbrain- myelecephalon

caudal-most region of brain

cardiovascular, respitory, muscle tone, arousal

Front 61

spinal cord

Back 61

grey matter inside, white outside

Front 62

grey matter

Back 62

cell bodies and unmyelinated axons
- dorsal and ventral horns

Front 63

white matter

Back 63

mylinated axons, freeway to brain

Front 64

Spinal nerves

Back 64

31 pairs, each one has motor efferent/output and sensory afferent/input

as each nerve approaches the spinal cord, it splits into either dorsal and verntral root

dorsal is back, ventral front

Front 65

Dorsol Root

Back 65

CELL BODIES IN DORSAL ROOT GANGLION (out here
!)

carries senosry axon wiht info. Dorosal root cell bodies located in the dorsal root ganglion (out there) while the axons go into the grey matter dorsol horn

Front 66

Ventral Root

Back 66

carries the motor axon
cell body in ventral horn of spinal cord, (motor cell bodies), axon carries motor info OUT to periphery

Front 67

Autonomic NS

Back 67

Autonomic ganglia
-preganglionic neurons whose cell bodies are in the CNS

-postganglionic neurons whose cell bodies are in the periphery and carry messages to target organs

Front 68

Peripheral NS

Back 68

Somatic NS (senosry input, motor control)

Autonomic NS (we cannot control)

Front 69

Autonomic NS

Back 69

Sympathetic: Fight or flight, use energy
parasympathetic": rest and digest, conservation