Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
34 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
The earths outer core is solid and the inner core is liquid |
False! The outer core is liquid, Inner core is solid |
|
|
Tectonic plates movement is a result of convention currents in the mantle |
True! The plates move because of convection currents in the Earth's mantle. These are driven by the heat produced by the decay of radioactive elements and heat left over from the formation of the Earth |
|
|
The material that constitutes the earth's surface plates is the asthenossphere? |
True? |
|
|
Compare and contrast constitutional crust and oceanic crust |
Oceanic crust: Heavier/denser Continental crust: lighter/ less dense Beneath these two crust, lays the lithosphere (oceanic lithosphere and continental crust) the lithosphere is very strong, rigid layer and its part crust and part uppermost mantle. both crusts are able to float on the magma. The continental crust floats much more freely on the magma. The continental crust is much thicker when compared to the oceanic crust. |
|
|
Know what the core, mantle and crust is very well |
3.) Crust: light/floats (Earth relatively thin, rocky outer skin, is of two different types - Continental crust and oceanic crust.
2.) Mantle: in between (more than 82% of earths volume is contained in the mantle, a solid, rocky shell that extends)
The upper mantle can be divided into three different parts: lithosphere (stronger), then beneath it asthenosphere (weaker), and transition zone.
3.) Core: heavy/sinks (Iron and nickel) The core consist of two different regions: Outer core Inner core
Flows of liquid iron-nickel, generates electronic currents which produces magnetic fields. Protects life, defeats radiation coming from space |
|
|
The crust and upper part of the mantle together make up the |
Lithosphere |
|
|
The San Andreas Fault is a |
Transform fault |
|
|
Compared to the continental crust the oceanic crust is |
Thicker and denser |
|
|
Based on scientific evidence, the earth is? |
4.6 billion years old |
|
|
What type of plate boundary is Rift Valley |
Divergent |
|
|
Volcano island arcs are associated with |
Ocean continent convergent plate boundary's |
|
|
The Hawaiian islands formed at a |
areas where the plates come together, sometimes volcanoes will form. Volcanoes can also form in the middle of a plate, where magma rises upward until it erupts on the seafloor, at what is called a “hot spot.” The Hawaiian Islands were formed by such a hot spot occurring in the middle of the Pacific Plate. |
|
|
Physical geology |
Examines materials composing the earth and seeks to understand the processes that operate below and above the surface.
Can tell us how mountains are formed and how earthquake happen and why volcano eruptions happen |
|
|
Historical geology |
To understand the origin of the earth and its development through time in chronological order. |
|
|
James Hutton and uniformitarianism |
The Birth of modern geology.
Published theory of the earth in 1795
In the book he introduced the principle of uniformitarianism - the geological processes operating at present are the same processes that operated in the past. |
|
|
Different areas of geological study |
Seismology- earthquakes
Volcanology - volcanos
Astrogeology - other planets
Engineering geology - building safety codes
Hydrogeology - surface water & grounds
Geochemistry - chemical composition of water, minerals, and rocks.
|
|
|
What is geology |
The scientific study of the earth ( from the atmosphere down to the center of the earth)
Divided into two broad areas: Physical and historical geology |
|
|
Draw a cross section from the surface down to the earth core. Label! |
|
|
|
Radioactive decay and residual heat in the earths interior. |
Radioactive decay - heat is released in this process Residual heat - heat that remains after something has been hot or heated up.
50% from formation of the earth during the development of our solar system and
50% from decay of naturally occurring radioactive elements |
|
|
Tectonic forces and tectonic plates |
Tectonic forces - forces generated from within the earth (heat) that result in uplift, movement, or deformation of earth's crust.
Tectonic plates - The lithosphere, which is the rigid outermost shell of a planet (the crust and upper mantle), is broken into tectonic plates. |
|
|
The three types of plate boundaries? |
There are three kinds of plate tectonic boundaries: divergent, convergent, and transform plate boundaries
Divergent boundary, two tectonic plates move away from each other. Not unlike how same magnetic poles repel each other. As the plates moves, deep fissures are created in the earth's crust. Magma oozes up from the mantle into the gap and hardens, forming new crust
Convergent boundary, two tectonic plates collide head on. Imagine two quarterbacks who tackle each other head on. As they make contact, the force of the impact ripples through both of their bodies. This force also ripples through the plates, causing earthquakes when they collide. When plates collide, one of two possible things happens: The edges of the plates buckle up into a mountain range.
Transform boundary, two plates slide against each other. It's like grinding two bricks together; both get damaged and there is a lot of friction. Rocks along the boundary are pulverized and a brand new linear fault valley or undersea canyon appears. Not to mention the severe earthquakes that happen as a result. |
|
|
Why does subduction occur? |
-Convergence.
One plate sinks beneath the other.
Dense oceanic crust sinks into mantle |
|
|
Why tectonic plates move? |
Tectonic plates move because they are floating on top of the liquid mantle. The mantle itself moves due to convection currents: hot rock rises, gives off some heat, then falls. This creates vast swirls of moving liquid rock under the crust of the earth, which jostles the plates of crust on top.
Gravity provides additional force to move plates |
|
|
Scientific method: know the steps and what is s hypothesis? |
1.) State the problem or things you want to find out Develop a question you want to answer
2.) research and gather information Find out what is already known about your subject, & make your own observations.
3.) form hypothesis An educated guess or possible answer to your question that is based on your research
This may or may not be correct
Start with "I think.., I predict...,
4.) test a hypothesis (experiment) An organized process used to test your hypothesis
5.) Record analyze the data Use your 5 senses in order to make observations.
Use various tools in order to improve or extend your power of observation
You data tables to keep track of measurements and graphs to identify trends in the data
6.) draw conclusions A judgment based on the results of an experiment.
Explain what the data means
|
|
|
Origin of the universe |
1.) Big Bang - 13.7 billion years ago (massive explosion)
2.) Debris from explosion cooled down & condense into the first stars & galaxies
3.) Milky Way (one of the many galaxies) is where our solar system and earth formed. |
|
|
Origin of summer solar system |
Dust+gas starts gravitationally colaspe somewhere inside the Milky Way.
Flattened rotating clouds of dust+gas. Heat is formed in center during the collapse (pre-sun)
Cooling of the rotating clouds of dust + gas caused material to condense into tiny particles.
Repeated collision caused the tiny particles to join and form asteroid size bodies, then into planets within million of yrs. |
|
|
Origin of the earth |
Formed by collision with asteroid in space. - 4.6 billion years ago.
Gravitational separation Into 3 layers a.) crust B.) mantle C.) core
Heavy things are dense and they head to the center of the earth.
Lighter things float to the top. |
|
|
Origin of the moon |
Foreign by collision of large objects with earth
Debris form the collision come together to create the moon
This all happened when the earth |
|
|
Origin of the moon |
Foreign by collision of large objects with earth
Debris form the collision come together to create the moon
This all happened when the earth |
|
|
Origin of the ocean and atmosphere |
Ancient volcanoes irruption we're releasing large quantities of gaseous material from the earths interior
Gas relief by volcanoes contained water, carbon dioxide, and other chemicals. |
|
|
How was earth keep balance with new oceanic lithosphere sphere being formed |
At subduction zones, the edge of the denser plate subducts, or slides, beneath the less-dense one. The denser lithospheric material then melts back into the Earth's mantle.
The two forces roughly balance each other, so the shape and diameter of the Earth remain |
|
|
What causes seafloor spreading |
Sea-floor spreading is what happens at the mid-oceanic ridge where a divergent boundary is causing two plates to move away from one another resulting in spreading of the sea floor. As the plates move apart, new material wells up and cools onto the edge of the plates. |
|
|
Alfred Wegener and continental drift |
Continental drift - The gradual movement of the continents across the earth surface pro geological time.
Continental drift in the theory that explains how confirmation of positions on earth surface
Set forth in 1912 by Alfred wegener, a geophysicist and meteorologist
Continental drift also explain why look-alike animals and land fossils, i'm similar rock formations, are found on different continents |
|
|
Now the evidence for continental drift |
Continents fit to get a like a puzzle
Geology matches up some mountain ranges and types of rock material to match up (same age)
Fossils matchup |
