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61 Cards in this Set
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According to Frued psychoanalysis. . |
Unconscious conflicts with childhood results in disorders today |
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ID |
In psychoanalytic theory: the part of the personality that wants immediate gratification of various unconcious desires/impulses (e.g., sex, aggression); the "child" part of the personality |
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Ego |
In psychoanalytic theory: Tries to find middle ground between ID + superego; "adult" part of personality. |
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Superego |
In psychoanalytic theory: Where the conscious lies what you should be doing. "Parent" part |
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Maladaptive |
Causing someone to have a hard time adapting to the environment |
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Risk factor |
Statistically significant association between a disorder and a particular Factor |
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Biological viewpoint |
The View that psychological disorder are caused by physiological issues (often chemical imbalances) |
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Transference |
In psychoanalytic theory : when a patient convey feeling to the therapist that are really meant for others in their own life. |
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Defense mechanisms |
Normal ways we deal with anxiety unhealthy when it is used extensively and for long Periods of time. |
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Repression |
A defense mechanism: Unconsciously blocked painful memories in your life |
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Suppression |
A defense mechanism: Consciously try to forget something |
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Reaction formation |
A defense mechanism: Unconsciously block painful feelings/ Memories by exaggerating a opposite reaction |
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Projection |
A defense mechanism: When you see your undesirable traits in others or attribute your unacceptable thoughts in other people |
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Intellectuation |
A defense mechanism: Overly rely on logic instead of emotion |
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What is the goal of psychoanalysis? |
To make the unconscious conscious |
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Regression |
A defense mechanism: go back to a behavior that works for you as a child |
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Sublimation |
A defense mechanism: work off frustrated desire(aggression, sexual) in an acceptable way. |
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What are psychosexual stages? |
When a person gets stuck on high stage they act or take behavior is consistent in that way. |
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Behaviorism |
Act a certain way today because of your environment |
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Vicarious learning |
Learn through the actions of others |
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Cognitive model |
Theraputic model that looks at interpretation of event |
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Humanistic viewpoint |
The View that says people are good and motivated to reach their potential and holds that psychological disorders occur due to inconsistencies between one's ideal self &real self |
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Biopsychological model |
The View that holds that disorders are caused from chemical imbalance in the brain |
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Describe how nurotransmitters work |
Soma is in the neuron that contains electrically charged particles called ions. At the end of the axon there is vesicles that contain neurotransmitters or chemicals which attach to dendrites . The gap between dendrites and vesicles is called the synapse. |
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Neuroplasticity |
Capacity of your brain to change in response to an event/experience |
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Medulla is in charge of? |
Part of the hindbrain (brainstem): Heart rate, breathing, swallowing |
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Cerebellum is in charge of? |
Part of the hindbrain (brainstem): regulates posture, motor skills, muscle tones and balance |
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Pons is in charge of ? |
Part of the hindbrain (brainstem): controls sleep coordinates between the muscles, integrates movement between left /right halves of your body |
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Thalamus is in charge of? |
Part of the (forebrain)midbrain : relays sensory information to the cerebral cortex |
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Hypothalamus is in charge of? |
Part of the forebrain: Releasing chemicals (hormones) |
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Limbic system does? |
Contains the amygdala- part of the forebrain - part of the brain where you feel emotions |
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What is the process of the amygdala? |
Emotion happens immediately- thought process happens later. Cognitions & emotions are in different parts of the brain. |
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What are positive and negative emotions? |
Current research shows these emotions are processed by different parts of the brain. Positive emotions are happiness amusment - activates the left hemispheres Negative emotions are fear, disgust - right frontal lobe active during this |
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Describe the cerebral cortex |
Occipital controls vision parietal controls touch and temperature temporal controls auditory frontal control decision making& voluntary movement |
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Describe the endocrine system |
Pituitary gland-supports growth Pineal gland- sleep cycle where melatonin is produced Thyroid gland- regulates rate of metabolism |
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Describe neuroimaging techniques |
CT Scans -special type of x-ray where # of differences angles of the brain are collected. Has more radiation. MRI scans- does not use X-rays -strong magnetic rays and detailed images soft tissues & pathways to the brain. PET scans - radioactive biochemical substances is injected into the bloodstream shows where its getting metabolized if you see an area in the brain that is overly active is using energy fMRI- identify increases in blood flow that is associated with neuronal activity. |
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What are extraneous variables? |
Outside variables should be the same for both groups . |
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What does prevalence mean? |
Total number of cases of a disorder in a given population at a designated time |
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What does incidence mean? |
Number of new cases of a disorder in a given population at a designated time |
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What are the types of interview used in a clinical setting? |
Structured interview: specific question example what situations are you most depressed? Unstructured interview : open ended questions |
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What are psychoanalytic questions? |
Ask about childhood looks at repressed memory as a way to get to unconscious& can analyze dreams. |
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What is the purpose for a mental status exam? |
Assesses clients cognitive psychological and behavioral functioning. Assess appearance of client like type of dress or hygiene. assess level of Consciousness or alertness. Looks for abnormal movements. Assess their concentration and focus or speech. Pay attention to thought patterns. Assess their affect( mood) and judgement (level of insight). |
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What is the purpose for a personality test? |
Objective test MMPI- measures unconscious thoughts or feelings. Measures 10 measures of personality and has a lie scale personality. |
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What are projective tests? |
Measures unconscious thoughts or feeling.
Rorschach- inkblot test where you write down anything they say or do and where they see it. Low validity and looks at themes.
TAT- 20 sketches of people and ask a patient to tell them a story of what they see in a test. Also low validity and see themes. Sentence completion- finish the sentence that you give them example my biggest fear is... Draw a person- looks at detail example no doors on house can mean gloom or isolation. |
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What are some neuropsychological testing and purpose? |
Looks for impairment in language memory attention motor skills and learning abilities. Bender-gestalt Visual Motor- copy a picture look at some impairment of brain like how long it took them to do it. Halstead reiten- assess extent of brain damage Luria-nebraska - assesses cognitive impairment at a more specific level. (LH impairment or RH) Wisconsin Card Sorting- ability to think in a flexible manner can they go with the flow looks at frontal lobe functioning. |
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What are examples of intelligence tests? |
WAIS-IV [age 17+]/ WISC-IV [age 6+]- help predict performance in school and any mental retardation assesses intellectual deterioration. Verbal comprehension index- how are objects similar/different. Understand social expression. Working memory index- attention, concentration& looks at memory. Perceptual reasoning index- looks at what is missing from a certain picture; speed test. Perceptual speed index- visual motor coordination. |
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What are some psychophysiological assesments? |
EEG (Alpha/beta) - beta waves= alert/ awake. Alpha waves= relax/calm. |
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What does cormorbidity mean? |
When a person has two or more diagnosable disorders 45% of patients that are diagnosed with one mental disorder have a second disorder |
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What is the DSM-5? |
Diagnostic statistical manual- diagnosis code list every psychological disorder and also tells you what symptoms you have to have and how many symptoms do you have to be diagnosed. Must have symptoms for six months. |
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What are some characteristics neurodevelopmental disorders? |
Typically have on set adolescence |
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What does it mean to have intellectual developmental disorder? |
Mental retardation which is assessed through their deficits in language, reading, Writing, math and reasoning. A part measures knowledge/ memory and social judgement, level of empathy, Personal Care, organizational traits typically diagnosed at age 5&6. Must occur before age 18 Specifier- mild,moderate and severe. |
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What are characteristics of down syndrome? |
Genetic caused- numerous medical aliments. Slanted eyes protruding tongue smaller brain structure where they have more plaque and tangles in the brain. |
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PKU |
Genetic cause intellectual mental disorder. Where enzyme is missing and causes physical or mental abnormalities and need daily supplements. |
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Fragile X Syndrome |
Intellectual disabilities hyperactive genetic cells able to make a specific protein usually temper tantrums there are also environmental causes prenatally. (Infection, alcohol) postnatal causes can be low intellectual simulation |
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Specific learning disorders |
Difficulty learning and using academic skills. Learning & using writing/reading or arithmetic |
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Autism spectrum disorder |
Person has deficit in social communication and social interaction make them have restricted Behavior like repetitive Behavior struggle to maintain eye contact little desires have friends and do not engage in reciprocal play. Often have a strong attachment to unusual objects and don't recognize facial expression. Onset before Age 3 genetic or chromosomal abnormality and interferes with their ability to process stimuli or relate to outside world. Cingulate cortex is underactive which is responsible to integrate verbal information on with emotional tone. Earlier treatments better prognosis |
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Social communication disorder |
When a person has social deficits like autism but they don't have restrictive repetitive behavior in autism |
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ADHD- |
attention deficit hyperactivity disorder- [innatentive (seen in adults) or hyperactive] typically see this in two or more settings [home or school] 7x more prevalent in boys and typically diagnosed at age 7. Can use questionnaires which are given to parents 7.8% of kids between 4 and 17 were diagnosed with ADHD causes could beat chromosomal abnormalities lead poisoning, chemical imbalance, fetal alcohol syndrome. Effects reticular activating system which is involved with paying attention |
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What are some examples of disuptrive disorders? |
Oppositional defiant disorder: child or adolescent is consistently argumentive/ lose temper or annoying other people blame others for their misbehavior very vindictive(revenge). Violates rules. Conduct disorder: basic rights of others ignored are aggressive to people and animals destruction of property consistently deceitful. Theft/vandalism. precursor psychopathy. Truant from school impulsive some is physiological or environmentally caused. Treatment: psychotherapy alternate ways to deal with frustration medication is ineffective. parents have to be consistent with setting guidelines or modeling. |
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Elimination disorders |
Enuresis- repeated urination into their clothes or bedding two times a week for 3 months and at least five years old can be primary where it never was able to be controlled or secondary where it used to be controlled and now can't. Encropresis- repeated bowel movements once a month for three consecutive months |
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What does it mean to have a psychological disorder? |
Has to cause emotional distress for person or functional impairment. |
