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57 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Inspection: 3 parts |
1. Bones and soft tissue structures- symmetry and alignment 2. Skin/ Nail beds- Color (cynosis, pallor, erythema, yellow skin tone) 3. Incisions: note- location, intact, redness, drainage, foul odor) |
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Common gait deviation of the ankle |
1: foot slap 2: toe down @ heel strike 3: Toe drag |
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Common gait deviation at the Knee |
1: incr. Knee flex at contact 2: Hyperext. in stance 3: insufficient flexion with swing |
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Common gt deviations at the hip/trunk |
1. circumduction during swing 2. hip hiking during swing 3. trendelenburg |
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Foot slap: reason |
Weak DF DF paralysis |
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Toe down @ heel strike: reason |
PF spasticity PF contracture |
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Toe Drag Beginning initial swing phase |
Weakness of DF Spasticity of PF Weak glutes of opposite side |
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Increased Knee flex at contact |
Weak/paralyzed Quad Hamstring spasticity Decrease knee extension ROM |
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Hyperextension in stance |
Weak quad PF contracture |
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Insufficient flexion with swing |
Knee effusion (fluid) Spastic quad PF spasticity decrease knee flexion ROM |
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Circumduction during swing |
compensation for: weak hip flexors weak DF Weak hamstring |
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Hip Hiking during swing |
Compensation for: Weak DF weak knee flexors extensor tone in LE |
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Trendelenburg |
Glut. med. weakness |
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Anthropometric measurements: def |
Measurement of size and proportions of human body |
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Anthrometric measurement: examples |
Common: height, weight, BMI Leg length Volumetric measurement Circumferential measurement |
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Vital sign importance |
1. Indicators of general health or physiological stat. 2.Compares pts. reading to normal values 3. Abnormal values- indicator of illness, trauma, exs, other physical conditions |
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Importance of establishing base value: what type of pts |
Elderly (over 65) Very young (<2) sedentary previous or current cardio problem recovery from sx or trauma |
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Normal resting HR/pulse |
Infant 100-130 beats per min (BPM) Child: 80-100 Adult: 60-100 |
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Sites of pulse/ HR assessment |
Temporal carotid brachial radial (most common) femoral Popliteal Dorsal Pedal Posterior Tibial APex of heart (stethoscope) |
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Tachycardia |
Rapid HR > 100bpm |
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Bradycardia |
Slow HR <60 BPM |
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Pulse Oximetry |
Devise to measure the level of O2 in the blood (O2 saturation) |
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Normal O2 saturation |
95-100% |
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O2 saturation can be an indicator for what? |
1st sign of a blood clot-> embolism-> lung= pulmonary embolism |
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Systolic Pressure |
Point of contraction of heart m. (blood against the arterial walls) |
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Diastolic Pressure |
Measurement exerted by blood against the arterial walls when the heart is NOT contracting |
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Korotkoff's sounds
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BP SOUNDS: phase 1- 1st clear sound (systolic pressure) 2- muffled or swishing sounds 3- louder and clearer sounds 4- abruptly muffled sounds (diastolic pressure) 5- sound disapears |
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Normal Blood preasure |
Infant: 60-90/ 30-55 mmHg child: 90-110/ 50-70 mmHg Adult: 120/80 mmHg or lower |
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Hypertension |
=> 140/ 90 mmHg |
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Prehypertension: |
120-139/ 80-89 |
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Stage 1 hypertension |
140-159/ 90-99
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Stage 2 Hypertension |
=>160/ 100
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Normal Respiration |
Newborn: 33-45 1 year: 25-35 10 years: 15-20 adults: 12-20 |
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Tachypnea |
>20 respiration/min |
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Bradypnea |
<10-12 respiration/min |
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Respiration ratio |
Normal: 1:2 Abnorma: 1:3 or 1:4 |
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Hyperpnea |
Increased rate and depth of breaths |
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Hypopnea |
Decreased rate and depth of breaths |
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Orthopnea |
Inability to breathe when in supine position ie. due to obese, heart disease |
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Biot's |
Irregular breathing, breaths vary in depth and rate with periods of apnea; often associated with increased cranial pressure or damage to the medula |
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Cheyne-strokes |
Decreasing rate and depth of breathing with periods of apnea; can occur due to CNS damage |
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Apna: |
absence of spontaneous breathing (common w/ sleep apnea |
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Tidal Volume (TV): def, classification |
Amount of air that moves in and out of lungs with each breath classification: normal, deep, shallow |
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Common pain scales |
1. McGill pain questionnaire: 2 part, 70?s 2. Numerical Rating scale (typical) 3. Visual analog scale (higher sensitive scale) |
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Posture: definition |
Holding a particular static position |
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Postural control: definition |
ability to move effectively and efficiently in a variety of environments & situation w/o falling *dynamic* |
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Lateral View- Plumb line |
Thru lobe of ear Thru Axis of odontoid process Thru shoulder joint Thru Lumbar vertebrae Thru greater trochanter Slightly ant. to midline ofknee Slightly ant to lateral maleolus thru the calcaneocuboid joint |
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Anterior view: plumb line |
Eyes horizontal shoulders level wrists neutral ribs and lateral contours of rib cage symmetrical ASIS level hip neutral rotation, abduction and adduction knee level and facing forward feet neithter pronated or supinated |
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Posterior view- plumb line |
shoudlers level scapulae flat against throax (~6" apart) PSIS level Hip in neutral rot, abduction and adduction knees popliteal creases level feet neither pronated or supinated spine vertically straight w/ occiput directly over sacrum |
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Sitting posture: Anterior/fwd sitting: |
Either anterior rotation in pelvis or increase kyphosis of the spine >25 % of body wt to feet COG is anterior to ischial tuberosity |
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Sitting posture: middle sitting (erect) |
COG directly over the ischial tuberosities ~ 25 % body wt transmitted thru the feet to floor |
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Sitting posture: Posterior sitting (slouching) |
COG is behind the ischial tuberosity < 25% of the body wt is thru feet to the floor |
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Ideal sitting posture: |
Perching Active sitting |
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Ideal sitting: perching |
Sitting at the front edge of the seat seat that can ntelt forward sitting on a tall stool sitting on a gym ball |
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Ideal sitting: active sitting |
Sitting at the front of the chair with torso leaning forward COG anterior to the ischial tuberosities LE muscles actively supporting the sitting posture |
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MOdifiable causes of impaired posture |
* Changes in M. length and strength *alteration in joint ROM *muscle spasm *positioning due to pain or habit |
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3 common types of impaired postures |
Kyphosis-lordosis Flat back posture sway back posture |
