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55 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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Properties of life |
Order: all have complex order Regulation: external change, no internal change Growth & development: information carried by DNA Energy processing: take in and use energy Response to the environment: respond to environmental stimuli Reproduction: reproduce their own kind Evolve: change over time through reproduction |
7 of them |
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Domains of life |
Bacteria (prokaryote) Archaea (prokaryote) Eukarya |
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Types of eukarya |
Kindom plantae (multicellular) Kingdom fungi (multicellular) Kingdom animalia (multicellular) Protists (unicellular) |
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Different ways of getting energy |
Photosynthesis (plant) Decomposer (fungi) Eating (animal) |
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6 steps of the Scientific method |
1. Observation 2. Question 3. Hypothesis (answer) 4. Make a prediction (rephrase 3 as if/then) 5. Experiment 6. Analyze data/make conclusion |
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Scientific thoery vs hypothesis |
Scientific theory: Broader hypothesis Need many supported variables Hypothesis: Needs less supported variables |
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Element |
Substance that can't be broken down without chemical reaction |
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4 main elements |
Oxygen Nitrogen Hydrogen Carbon |
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Subatomic particles and their charges |
Proton + Neutron 0 Electron - |
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Atom |
Smallest unit of matter that that retains property of an element |
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Isotope |
Alternate mass forms of an element due to different amount of neutrons |
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Radioisotope |
Nucleus decay spontaneously giving off particles and energy |
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Ionic bond |
Attraction between opposite charge |
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Covalent bond |
Share electrons |
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Hydrogen bonds |
Weak attraction between polar molecules |
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Cohesion |
Tendency of the same kind to stick together |
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Solution |
Homogeneous mixture |
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Solvent |
Dissolving agent liquid Temperature dependant |
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Solute |
Dissolved substance Powder |
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Aqueous solution |
When water is a solvent |
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Acid |
Releases H+ into a solution Low on ph scale |
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Base |
Accepts H+ from a solution High on ph scale |
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Buffer |
Substance that resists ph change |
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Organic compound |
Carbon based molecule Properties depend on: Carbon skeleton Atoms attatched to the skeleton |
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Why is carbon a versatile atom |
Backbone structure to life In dna |
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Polymer |
String of monomers |
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Monomer |
A molecule that can be bounded to other identical molecules |
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4 basic types of biological molecules |
Carbohydrates (macromolecule) Lipids (not macromolecule/hydrophobic) Proteins (macromolecule) Nucleic acid (macromolecule) |
And which are macromolecules |
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Monosaccaride |
Simple sugars Cant be broken down by hydrolysis Galactose, glucose, fructose |
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Polysaccharides |
Complex carbohydrate Long chain of sugar units Starch, glycogen, cellulose |
Give 1 example |
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Macromolecules and their sub units |
Lipids: fatty acids and glycerol Proteins: amino acids Nucleic acids: nucleotide |
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Isomer |
Molecules with the same chemical formula but different structure |
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Disaccharide |
Double sugars Lactose, sucrose |
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Disaccharide |
Double sugars Lactose, sucrose |
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Difference between saturated and unsaturated fat |
Unsaturated has less than max amount of hydrogen Saturated has max amout of hydrogen |
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4 levels of protein |
Primary: amino acids (chain) Secondary: hydrogen bonding (folded) Terriary: folding due to side chain (3d) Quaternary: more than 1 amino acid chain (complex 3d) |
What do they look like |
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Dna |
Deoxyrobonucleic acid Base uses thymine 2 strands |
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RNA |
Ribonucleic acid Base uses uracil Usually songle strand |
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Cell theory |
1800s All living things are composed of cells All cells come from earlier cells |
What and when? |
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Magnification power vs resolving power |
Magnification: increase in size Resolving: ability to show 2 objects as separate |
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Different types of microscopes |
Light: dissecting and compound, colorless Electron: color, uses beams of electrons Scanning electron: 3d looks at surface Transmission electron: insides |
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Prokaryotes |
Single cell organism that lacks a membrane bound nucleus, mitochondria, or any other membrane bound organelle |
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Eukaryotes |
Organisms cell that contains a nucleus and other organelles enclosed with membranes |
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Characteristics shared by all cells |
Cell membrane Cytoplasm Ribosomes DNA |
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Plant specific cells |
Cell wall Vacuole Chloroplast |
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Animal specific cells |
Lysosomes Centrial Cilia Flagella |
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Structure of eukaryotic cell |
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Progression from DNA to protein |
DNA to RNA to MRNA to TRNA to protein |
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Chloroplast |
Photosynthesis Creates its own DNA Found in plant |
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Mitochondria |
Found in plants and animals Where cellular respiratory takes place and where energy is made |
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Energy |
The capasity to cause change |
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Cellular respiration |
Takes place in the cells Releases energy by breaking down fuel molecules |
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Metabolism |
Total of all chemical reactions in an organism Requires enzyme assistance and energy |
What does it require |
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Enzymes |
Reduce amount of activation energy meeded to break bonds of reactand molecules |
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ATP |
Adenosine phosphate Transfer energy in cells |
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