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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
- 3rd side (hint)
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pt1 Specify the different steps in research process from wonder to assessment. Discuss the criteria of causation, the difference between the necessary and sufficient conditions, and give an example for which. What is the difference between (a) description and explanation, (b) conceptualization and operationalization, and (c) theory and hypotheses? Given an example for a, b, and c. |
Wonder - thinking about a concept and its causes Conceptualization - step in which key elements of interest are defined Theory -an abstract and/or general statement that purports to explain some aspect of empirical reality Operationalization - the process of defining the measurement of a phenomenon that is not directly measurable Hypothesis - a concrete and specific statement about the relationship between measurements of the variable of interest Observation - the act of monitoring research and compiling data for analysis Analysis - point at which the researcher thinks critically about the data and accounts for any patterns Assessment - involves using the data to determine root of causation for a particular phenomenon |
8 initials |
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Discuss the general features of social transformation many Middle Eastern countries experiences in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
social transformation (19th century) → changes in culture → social structure → ideologies (new ideas) emergence of capitalism/industrialization (decline of indigenous economy) hard to connect change in social class (independent variable) to support of nationalism (dependent variable) because same people who benefited from government help changed to religious fundamentalism Emergence of single commodity export economies - Expansion of population Emergence of educated class/elite/Bourgeois |
Social Transformation
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Discuss the general features of social transformation many Middle Eastern countries experiences in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries |
Development of capitalism (production for profit/selling and institution of free labor) Integration of indigenous production → world market → globalization Decline of traditional social classes/petty commodity production → indigenous economy has to keep up Emergence of single commodity export economies Expansion of population Emergence of educated class/elite/Bourgeois |
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Discuss the episodic-discourse model of ideological production—that is, how ideologies are produced. Describe the differences between Islamic modernism and Islamic fundamentalism on such issues as (a) the role of religion in society, (b) the relationship between religion and politics, (c) form of government, (d) orientation toward Western culture, and (e) social status of women. Specify the difference between social conditions that favored the rise of Islamic modernism and the social conditions that promoted Islamic fundamentalism. |
Ideologies are produced within the framework of debate and discussion among the intellectual elite of society, and the period of time between successive events of historical significance constitutes an “episode.” It is during this episode that leaders discuss the issues that have risen. Islamic modernism - secular govt. Islamic Fundamentalism - religious values #5. British control of OIL/monarchal absolutism ex. Suadi Arabia and Iran -role of religion/ideology: nationalism -form of government : constitutional monarchy basis of idenitity : national women status: goodattitude of west : ehhhhhhhhhhhhhhhh |
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part 2 Specify the different steps in research process from wonder to assessment. Discuss the criteria of causation, the difference between the necessary and sufficient conditions, and give an example for which. What is the difference between (a) description and explanation, (b) conceptualization and operationalization, and (c) theory and hypotheses? Given an example for a, b, and c. |
Criteria of causation - 1) cause must precede effect 2) there must be an empirical association 3) non-spuriousness Necessary condition - a necessary condition must be present for the effect to follow e.g. Strong bourgeoise is necessary for democracy
Sufficient condition - a condition is sufficient when its presence brings about the truth of another condition e.g. Capitalism is a sufficient condition for Nationalism . It is necessary, but not sufficient in and of itself. |
Causation |
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Discuss some of the key issues related to form of government, the role of religion in society and politics, and the status of women in society. |
-role of govt:Conformity with Islam(Egypt,Syria,Iran) -form of govt: secular government or religious government ex Islamic Revolution and Constitutional Revolution - basis of identity - Islamic nationalism, National, Arab, Islamic -social status of women: wanted more education -attitude to outsiders: negative,validity of knowledge obtained from non-Islamic sources - Issue: British Control or Iranian oil and monarch absolutism→ constitutional monarchy, Favorable, → Liberal nationalism |
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Elaborate the claims that the intellectual history of the contemporary Middle East can be summarized in three key words: |
Intellectual leaders fixed their attention on these issues in response to historical episodes that required a resolution of those issues. EX.enlightenment, ideas of liberal democracy and european influence in Egypt -In mid 20th, the British control of Iranian oil and the oil boom in Saudi Arabia were economic events. Ex (shift in economic power) -late 20th century,issue of the role of religion in society was prevalent. Islamic fund rose in response to secular authoritarianism in Egypt, Algeria, Iran and Syria. |
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part 3 Specify the different steps in research process from wonder to assessment. Discuss the criteria of causation, the difference between the necessary and sufficient conditions, and give an example for which. What is the difference between (a) description and explanation, (b) conceptualization and operationalization, and (c) theory and hypotheses? Given an example for a, b, and c. |
Description vs. Explanation - Description asks what? Description is how something is perceived by the five senses versus an in-depth explanation. Explanation is the how and why. Explanations interpret the descriptions to explain why. Explanations are more in-depth than descriptions. Conceptualization vs. Operationalization - Conceptualization deals with defining key elements of interest. Operationalization deals with finding ways to measure the variables as related to the key interests. Example: defining Education and then finding a way to measure how educated a population is Theory vs. hypothesis - Examples: Theory of evolution - it accounts for changes in species over time to accommodate environment. Hypothesis - deals with explaining empirical reality through a relationship between two variables e.g. an increase in thunderstorm activity following an increase in temperature. |
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