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82 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What affected the nursing profession?
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The Industrial Revolution
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What was the "founder" of professional nursing?
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Florence Nightingale
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What was the founder of the Red Cross?
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Clara Barton
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Who founded public health?
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Lillian Wald
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Who was both an educator and the founder of Johns Hopkins?
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Isabel Hampton Robb
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Who established Frontier Nursing?
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Mary Breckenridge
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What woman founded the ADN program used all over the US today?
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Mildred Montag
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What is the 1980 ANA definition of nursing?
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Nursing is the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.
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What is the new definition of nursing adopted in 2003?
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Nursing is the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness and injury, alleviation of suffering through the dx and treatment of human response and advocacy in the care of individuals, famililes, communities and populations.
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What are the 4 broad aims of nursing?
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To promote health
To prevent illness to restore health To facilitate coping with disability or death. |
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Who establishes standards of practice, encourages research and represents nursing for legislative actions?
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The American Nurses Association (ANA)
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What establishment or group provides accrediation?
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National League for Nursing
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Who enforces the Nurse Practices Act?
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The State Board of Nursing
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Why was Nurse Practices Act established?
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To have authority to make rules and regulations that affect the practice of nursing.
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What are the 4 concepts common to the nursing theory?
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Patient
Environment Health Nursing |
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What is Florence Nightingale's nursing theory?
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Meeting the needs of the patient w/in the environment.
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What was Jean Watson's Theory?
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AKA Human Caring Theory
The practice of caring is central to nursing. Also the most common, widely used theory. |
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What was Virginia Henderson's nursing theory?
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The patient is an individual who requires help to reach independence.
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How many essential needs do patients have throughout a lifespan?
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8
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What are the two main ethical theories?
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Utilitarian and Deontology
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Explain the Utilitarian ethical theory.
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Rightness or wrongness of an action depends on the consequences of that action.
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Explain the Deontology ethical theory.
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the act itself determines rightness or wrongness, instead of the outcome.
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Name the ethical principles for nursing
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Autonomy
Nonmaleficence Beneficence Justice Fidelity Veracity Confidentiality |
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Who sets the standards of care?
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The state and it is governed by the Nurse Practices
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What are the 5 nursing process steps?
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1. Assessment
2. Diagnosis 3. Planning 4. Implementation 5. Evaluation |
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What is the first step of nursing?
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Assessment/gathering and organizing data
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Who is the primary source of information?
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The patient.
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What is a focused assessment?
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It is based on certain areas of issues, one specific problem we can gather info about.
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Name the two types of data.
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Objective: Measurable
Subjective: Not measurable, what the patient tells you, like how much pain they're in. |
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What is a nursing diagnosis?
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Classifying problems within the domain of nursing. (Our language, not medical/physician language)
It identifies unhealthy responses to health/illness and it describes problems nurses can treat w/in the scope of their practice. Can change daily. |
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What is a medical diagnosis?
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A diagnosis that identifies disease. Remains with the patient, does not change, as long as the disease is present.
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What is a nursing intervention?
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any treatment based on clinical judgment and knowledge that a nurse performs to carry out patient goals/outcomes.
It monitors the health status. Resolves, prevents or manages a problem. It is compatible with a patients belief system, values, culture and psychosocial background. |
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What are the three types of interventions?
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Independent: Actions nurses can implement w/o dr's orders
Dependent: actions the nurse carries out under the doctors orders Collaborative: actions the nurse carries out in conjunction with other health care team members. |
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How does a nurse develop a diagnosis?
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It's 2 part:
1. The diagnosis is a cluster of data from which we develop a diagnosis. 2. From the diagnosis, we develop a related to (r/t) which is the cause of the problem and from the cause, we write the interventions. (Always follow critical pathways aka standard orders. |
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Always prioritize your goals in what order?
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In accordance with life threatening, essential needs or client preferences.
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What types of goals are there?
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Short term and Long term
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What is the definition of a short term goal?
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Any goal that falls within several hours to several days.
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Define a long term goal.
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Any goal that is in excess of one week.
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What are values?
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personal beliefs about what matters in life and guides ones own behaviors.
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What are morals?
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Personal standard of right and wrong.
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List the ANA Code of Ethics rules
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Inherent worth of the client
Commitment is to the client Nurse is the patients advocate Nurse is responsible for practice including delegation Nurse is committed to quality healthcare Nurse advances profession Nurse collaborates w/others to promote global health The nurse promotes integrity of profession. |
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List the Patient's Bill of Rights.
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Priority is skillful and respectful care in a safe environment.
Patient is involved in care decisions. Protection of privacy Help with preparing for discharge Help with financial considerations |
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What is Autonomy?
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Self governance
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What is Nonmaleficence?
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Avoidance of harm or hurt.
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What is Beneficence?
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Taking positive actions to help others.
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What is Justice?
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Fairness
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What is Fidelity?
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Keeping promises
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What is Veracity?
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Telling the truth.
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What is confidentiality?
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Protection of the patient's personal health information.
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What is a law?
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Rule of conduct enforced by either the state or the federal government.
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What is public law?
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regulates relationships between people and government
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What is private or civil law?
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regulates relationships between people
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What is Criminal law?
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defines criminal actions
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What is an example of Statutory Law?
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The Nurse Practices Act
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What is an example of Administrative Law?
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The KY Board of Nursing
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What is a crime?
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A wrong against a person but act is considered to be against the public as well.
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What is a torte?
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a wrong committed by a persona against another person.
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What are the elements of liability?
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Duty (standards of care)
Breach of Duty (negligence) Causation (negligence caused injury) Damages (what injuries occurred?) |
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What are the nurses safeguard for their practice?
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Maintaining a competent practice and accurate documentation.
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Define a helping relationship.
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A confidential, interactional relationship between a person with a problem or problems and a skilled helper who facilitates problem-solving in a fashion consistent with the persons values.
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Describe empathy in nursing.
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Identifying with the way another person feels. `
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What are the characteristics of a helping relationship?
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Occurs thru necessity.
Focuses on the patient Patient may accept or decline services Goal directed Control shared by both the patient and the nurse. |
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What are the phases of a helping relationship?
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Pre-interaction Phase (Before meeting the patient/reviewing charts/documentaiton)
Orientation Phase (meeting and getting to know one another) Working Phase (when the nurse and the pt. work together to solve problems and accomplish goals) Termination Phase (the end of the relationship) |
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What is the goal of the orientation phase?
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To get to know the patient and to ASSESS.
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What is the goal of the Working Phase?
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To support realistic problem-solving activities with the patient.
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What is the goal of the Termination Phase?
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Evaluate and discuss feelings about ending the relationship.
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What is communication?
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Any means of exchanging thoughts and feelings between two or more people.
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What types of communication are there?
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Verbal (written or spoken words)
Nonverbal (behavior or body language) |
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What are the characteristics of verbal communication?
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Intentional effort by the speaker and the listener.
Verbal message is affected by words chosen, voice tone, and rhythm of words. Words allow one to share thoughts/feelings. |
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What are thoughts?
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Any cognition or mental activity.
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What are feelings?
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Emotions, sensations or tension of need states.
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What are feelings that one cannot control?
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The onset of physical symptoms that accompany feelings?
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What are feelings one CAN control?
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Intensity of feelings.
Longevity of the physical symptoms. Associated thoughts. Behavioral response. |
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What are the 4 steps for managing feelings?
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Own the feeling.
Label the feeling. Externalize the feeling. Make a plan to deal with the feeling. |
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What are the characteristics of NONverbal communication?
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Conscious behavior or below the level of consciousness.
Influenced by sociocultural background. Expresses more of a true meaning of message than verbal communication. |
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What are some behaviors to observe during nonverbal communication?
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Eye contact
Sounds Personal space/territoriality facial expression posture gait gestures general appearance |
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Define Therapeutic Communication Skills.
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It is the ability to choose communication strategies appropriate to client presentation.
Ability to be positively assertive. Utilizing active listening skills. |
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What are the 3 effective communication steps?
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Connect (with empathy)
Asses thoughts Facilitate problem solving, self-discovery, knowledge base etc. |
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What is catharsis in communication?
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It is a conversation in which the patient unloads emotionally and it's beneficial because it relieves tension.
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List the communication/interviewing strategies.
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Open/closed questions
Use clarifying statements (to validate) Be reflective (repeating) Paraphrase (repeating in summation) Sequencing Focus/directing (focus attn) Silence Summarizing |
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What are the steps to giving constructive criticism?
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Express empathy.
Describe the behavior. State the expectations. List the consequences. |
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What are the 5 rights to delegation?
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1. Right task
2. Right circumstances. 3. Right person 4. Right direction/communication 5. Right supervision |
