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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define dyspnea
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Subjective sensation experience of breathing discomfort
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Define Tachypnea
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To fast of breathing
>16 breaths per minute |
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Define Orthopnea
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Dyspnea that occurs when an individual lies flat
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Define PND
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Proxymal Nocturnal Dyspnea
patient awakes at night gasping for air |
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Define Apnea
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Breathing obstructing for more then 10 seconds from mouth or nose
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What is Alveolar Ventilation That Exceeds Metabolic Demands
A. Kussmaul B. Obstructive Breathing C Restrictive Breathing D Cheyne Stokes EHypoventilation F Hyperventilation |
Hyperventilation
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Sllightly increased Ventilatory rate Very large effortless Vt
A. Kussmaul B. Obstructive Breathing C Restrictive Breathing D Cheyne Stokes EHypoventilation F Hyperventilation |
Kussmaul respiration
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Alternating patterns of Deep and Shallow Breathing and apnea
A. Kussmaul B. Obstructive Breathing C Restrictive Breathing D Cheyne Stokes EHypoventilation F Hyperventilation |
Cheyne Stokes
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Inadquate Alveolar Ventilation in relation to metabolic demands
A. Kussmaul B. Obstructive Breathing C Restrictive Breathing D Cheyne Stokes EHypoventilation F Hyperventilation |
Hypoventilation
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Caused b disorders that cause the lungs to stiffen
A. Kussmaul B. Obstructive Breathing C Restrictive Breathing D Cheyne Stokes EHypoventilation F Hyperventilation |
Restrictive breathing
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Slow ventilatory Rate
Large VT Increased effort A. Kussmaul B. Obstructive Breathing C Restrictive Breathing D Cheyne Stokes EHypoventilation F Hyperventilation |
Obstructive breathing
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Define Cough
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Protective reflex that clears airways by explosive Expiration
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Define Hemoptysis
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The expectoration of bloody secretions
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Define Cyanosis
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Bluish discolortation of skin and mucous membraines caused by desaturated or reduced hemoglobin
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What are two causes of cynosis
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Reduced or desaturate hemoglobin
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Define clubbing
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selective bulbous enlargement of end of fingertips
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How is Clubbing graded and which is the worst
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1-5 five being huge
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What causes clubbing
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chronic hypoxia
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What are five causes of hypoxemia
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Decreased P02
hypoventilation Abnormal PQ Pulmonary RL shunts |
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What is the difference between cardiogenic and noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
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Cardiogenic relates to heart : LV failure
Fluid overload Pulmonary embolism noncardiogenic: inhaled toxin radiotherapy high altitude |
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Name five clinical manifestations of pulmonary edema and which is the most common
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1) pink frothy sputum**
2)tachypnea 3) dyspnea 4)Cold skin 5) rhonchi and rales |
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What is the acronym for pulmonary edema and what does it mean
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MOST DAMP
Moprhine O2 Sit up Tourniquetes Dig Aminophylline Mmercurial diuretics Ppulmonary care suctioning |
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Name four Conditions that increase incidence of Aspiration
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1)drugs
2)Decreased LOC 3)Siezure 4) Defects of Trachea |
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Name some treatments of Aspiration
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1)prevention
2) o2 support 3) instruction 4) antibiotics |
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Cheyne-Stokes Respirations are
1Normal 2A compensatory mechanism used to blow off excess CO2. 3Not what you would like to see with your initial morning assessment. 4Indicative that a respiratory treatment is needed to open up the airways. |
Not what you would like to see with your initial morning assessment.
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Which of the following is true
1Clubbing is noted in patients with acute respiratory conditions. 2Cyanosis is an early sign of respiratory problems seen even before shortness of air. 3Kussmaul Respirations are painful. 4Hyperventilation causes the removal of CO2 faster than it is produced. |
Hyperventilation causes the removal of CO2 faster than it is produced.
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Name the 3 Causes of Cardiogenic pulmonary edema
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LV failure – MI, mitral stenosis
Fluid overload PE |
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Name 5 Causes of Noncardiogenic pulmonary edema
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Inhaled toxins
Radiation therapy High altitude ARDS Neurogenic causes |
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Identify some patients that would be at risk for Aspiration.
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Decreased LOC
Stroke Drugs Seizures Arrest Procedures Congenital defects of the trachea |
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Which of the following is true?
The right lung is more susceptible to aspiration. The classic S and S of pulmonary edema is pink frothy sputum. Atelectasis if best prevented by early ambulation and T,C,DB. Patients with chronic conditions such as MD and MG may have breathing problems due to chest wall restriction. |
All the above
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Hypercapnea is noted on which of the following ABGs.
Ph 7.35, PO2 89, C02 40, HC03 22 Ph 7.25, PO2 98, C02 50, HC03 23 Ph 7.37, PO2 108, C02 30, HC03 21 Ph 7.40, PO2 72, C02 42, HC03 22 |
Ph 7.25, PO2 98, C02 50, HC03 23
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What is the definition of a Flail Chest
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Definition – the fracture of several consecutive ribs in more than one place or the fracture of the sternum plus several consecutive ribs.
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What clinical manifestations would you expect to see with a Flail Chest?
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Pain
Dyspnea Paradoxical chest wall movement hypoventilation Hypoxia Cyanosis Unequal chest expansion |
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What causes Flail Chest
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Truama
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What is the Treatment of a Flail Chest
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Mechanical ventilation with PEEP
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