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284 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Abel
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Cain and Abel were the first sons of Adam and Eve. Abel was a shepherd who was killed by Cain (first sin).
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Abraham
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Entered into a covenant with JHWH promising Canaan and prosperity.
Circumcision is a symbol of this covenant. |
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Abrahamic
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Of Abraham
Abrahamic covenant was narrow focus; with promise of Canaan and prosperity |
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Achaean
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Greek, Argives, Danaan
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Achilles
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Son of Peleus
Achilles was the "wrathful hero" |
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Adonai
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Hebrew for Lord, JHWH, Elohim, etc.
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Aegean
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Bronze Age Civilization of Greece
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Agamemnon
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Leader of the Greeks.
Stubborn, Greedy, unable to take responsibility. |
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Aias
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Alternate spelling of Ajax, the "refrigerator" who was one of the messengers sent to persuade Achilles to return to battle.
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Ajax
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the "refrigerator" who was one of the messengers sent to persuade Achilles to return to battle.
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Akkadian
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Ancient Kingdom of Mesopotamia that developed a semitic language.
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Alexandros
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Paris, the prince of Troy who abducted Helen from her husband Menelaus and provoked the Trojan War
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Alter Ego
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Achilles vs Patroclus
Gilgamesh vs Enkidu |
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Ambrosia
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the food, sometimes the drink, of the gods, often depicted as conferring ageless immortality upon whoever consumes it.
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Anagnorisis
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recognition (of error)
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Anatolia
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Asia Minor, Turkey
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Andromache
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was the wife of Hector, who's entire family was killed by Achilles
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Antediluvian
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Before creation of the world we live in
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Aphrodite
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goddess of love and beauty and daughter of Zeus in ancient mythology
Similar to Ishtar, however Homer gets rid of the Ishtar goddess of war feature of her. |
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Apollo
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Greek god of light; god of prophecy and poetry and music and healing; son of Zeus and Leto; twin brother of Artemis
He favoured the Trojans, and believed that the Theomachy was pointless. |
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Ares
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Greek god of war; son of Zeus and Hera
Ares rode into battle on the side of the Trojans with his horses, Flame and Terror, pulling his war chariot. He swooped down to help Aphrodite defend her son Aineias (Aeneas) (Iliad, book 5, line 355) and saved him from sure death at the hands of the Achaians. While Ares protected Aineias with his shield, Aphrodite made her escape to Mount Olympos to tend her wounds. |
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Arete
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Excellence and Courage
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Argive
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An inhabitant of Argos; In the Homeric Iliad and Odyssey, and in later classical epics, an alternate name for an Achaean or Greek in general
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Argonaut
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one of the heroes who sailed with Jason in search of the Golden Fleece
ex) Heracles, Nestor, Peleus (father of Achilles) |
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Argos
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an ancient city in southeastern Greece; dominated the Peloponnese in the 7th century BC
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Aristeia
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Brilliant Performance
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Ark
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(Judaism) sacred chest where the ancient Hebrews kept the two tablets containing the Ten Commandments
a boat built by Noah to save his family and animals from the flood |
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Armature
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a framework around which the sculpture is built. This framework provides structure and stability
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Artemis
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the virgin goddess of the hunt and the Moon; daughter of Leto and twin sister of Apollo
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Asklepios
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son of Apollo and Coronis, who became the god of healing and medicine
Was tuaght by Chiron |
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Astarte
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an ancient Phoenician goddess of love and fertility; the Phoenician counterpart to Ishtar (Aphrodite)
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Astyanax
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Also known as Scamandrius
Son of Hector and Andromache |
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Ate
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Blindness, lack of vision
(Delusion, daughter of Zeus) |
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Athena
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goddess of wisdom, the arts, and prudent warfare
Favoured Achilles |
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Atrahasis
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Survivor of the flood
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Atreid
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Son of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus
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Atreidai
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sons of Atreus, Agamemnon and Menelaus
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Ba’al
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Phoenician storm god, who defeated the sea god Yamm
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Babel
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a tower built by Noah's descendants (probably in Babylon) who intended it to reach up to heaven; God foiled them by confusing their language so they could no longer understand one another)
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Babylon
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the chief city of ancient Mesopotamia and capital of the ancient kingdom of Babylonia
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Balkan
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an inhabitant of the Balkan Peninsula
i.e) Greece, The Mycenaeans, etc. |
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BCE
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Before Common Era (BC)
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Bellerophon
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Son of Glaukos and Eurymede
Bellerophon, riding the winged horse Pegasus, slays the chimera; son of Bellerophon later in life tries to ride Pegasus up to the realm of Zeus, but Zeus hurdles him back to earth killing him. |
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Boeotia
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A district in ancient Greece northwest of Athens; the capital was the city of Thebes.
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Bosporos
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a strait connecting the Mediterranean and the Black Sea; separates the European and Asian parts of Turkey; an important shipping route
"Cattle Crossing", where Io crossed |
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Briseis
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Daughter of Brises (ally of the Trojans) and the captive of Achilles whom Agamemnon confiscated
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Bronze
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Metal alloy mainly of copper and tin. Very important in antiquity, found in Cyprus.
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Bundling
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Combining many things
ex) Combining of mythemes ==> story |
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Cain
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Cain and Abel were the first children of Adam and Eve born after the Fall of Man; Cain killed Abel out of jealousy and was exiled by God)
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Canaan
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An historic region of the Middle East, roughly equivalent to Palestine
Was very fertile |
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Canaanite
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a member of an ancient Semitic people who occupied Canaan before it was conquered by the Israelites
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Centaur
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a mythical being that is half man and half horse
ie) Chiron |
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Chieron
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Chiron was intelligent, civilized and kind. He was known for his knowledge and skill with medicine
He tutored Achilles |
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Chryseis
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daughter of Chryses, captive of Agamemnon.
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Chryses
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was a priest of Apollo at Chryse, near the city of Troy
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Chthonic
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an adjective meaning “of the earth” and often referring to the gods of the underworld
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Circumcision
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Sign of the covenant of Abraham and God
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Constituitive
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the relation between an object and its constituent parts;
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Cosmogony
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is any theory concerning the coming into existence or origin of the universe
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Covenant
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an agreement between God and his people in which God makes certain promises and requires certain behavior from them in return
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Crete
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the largest Greek island in the Mediterranean; site of the Minoan civilization that reached its peak in 1600 BC
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Cuneiform
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wedge shaped writing of the ancient sumerians
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Cyclades
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a Greek island group in the Aegean Sea, south-east of the mainland of Greece
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Cycladic
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an Early Bronze Age culture of the Cyclades in the Aegean Sea, spanning the period from approximately 3000 BC-2000 BC.
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Cycle
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recur in repeating sequences
ex) Trojan cycle, 3 story cycles |
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Cyprus
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an island in the eastern Mediterranean
very rich in copper |
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Danaan
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one of the collective names used for the Greeks in Homer's Iliad
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Dardanelles
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the strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara that separates European Turkey from Asian Turkey
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David
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Defeats Goliath and becomes the king of Israel
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Decalogue
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the biblical commandments of Moses
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Diaspora
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the dispersion of the Jews outside Israe
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Diomedes
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Greek warrior, who wounded Aphrodite in Bk 5
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Dione
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the mother of Aphrodite
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Ecphrasis
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Artifact Description
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Egypt
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an ancient empire to the west of Israel; centered on the Nile River and ruled by a Pharaoh; figured in many events described in the Old Testament
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El
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Father of Ba'al in the Phoenician succession myth
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Elohim
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JHWH, the lord, god in Hebrew
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Enkidu
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Friend of Gilgamesh, civilized by Shamhat
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Entropy
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No efficient machine, everything tends towards disorder
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Enuma Elish
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Babylonian creation myth (named for its incipit)
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Epaphus
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also called Apis, was the son of Zeus and Io and a king of Egypt.
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Epimetheus
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brother of Prometheus; despite Prometheus's warning against gifts from Zeus he accepted Pandora as his wife
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Epos
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An epic poem, stories about human heroes.
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Erinys
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the Erinys were a group of Greek spirits that punished guilt with fear.
Also known as the furies |
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Eris
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goddess of discord; sister of Ares
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Eros
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god of love; son of Aphrodite; identified with Roman Cupid
sexual desire: a desire for sexual intimacy |
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Ethos
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The character or fundamental values of a person, people, culture, or movement
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Etiology
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study of causation.
Creation was an etiology of labor |
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Euphrates
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River very important to Mesopotamian civilization
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Europa
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abduction by Zeus in the form of a white bull was a Cretan story
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Eurypylos
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While Patroclus was tending his wound Eurypylus convinced the former to enter into combat even if Achilles refused to join.
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Eve
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Adam's wife in Judeo-Christian mythology: the first woman and mother of the human race; God created Eve from Adam's rib
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Exodus
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Second book in Bible; departure of the Israelites out of slavery in Egypt led by Moses
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Farm
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Neolithic revolution, the invention of farming led to sedentary civilizations
"how can you keep them down on the farm now that they've seen Paree" (Sodom and Gomorra) |
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Fat
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Fat + Bones as sacrifice to the gods instead of the meat.
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Fennel
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How prometheus stole fire
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Foil
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anything that serves by contrast to call attention to another thing's good qualities
Trojans as foils to the Greeks |
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Gadfly
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a type of fly plaguing cattle, sent by Hera to plague Io
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Gaia
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goddess of the earth and mother of Cronus and the Titans in ancient mythology
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Gamos
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sex, marriage
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Geras
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prize of honour, trophy
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Gilgamesh
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king of the city of Uruk, he was probably a historical figure
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Glaukos
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Warrior of Troy.
Was tricked by giving his armor to Diomedes. Talks about why they need to fight with Sarpedon |
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Goliath
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Huge warrior who was defeated by David
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Hamartia
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The tragic flaw or character weakness in a literary character.
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Hammurabi
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Babylonian king who codified the laws of Sumer and Mesopotamia (died 1750 BC)
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Hegemon
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A dominating power
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Hegemonic
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leadership culture
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Hegemony
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he dominance or leadership of one social group or nation over others
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Hekamede
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daughter of Arsinoos, was captured from the isle of Tenedos and given as captive to King Nestor
Medicine Maker |
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Hektor
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is a Trojan prince and the greatest fighter for Troy in the Trojan War. As the son of Priam and Hecuba
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Helen
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the beautiful daughter of Zeus and Leda who was abducted by Paris; the Greek army sailed to Troy to get her back which resulted in the Trojan War
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Helicon
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a mountain in the region of Thespiai in Boeotia, Greece
Where Hesiod received his vision |
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Helladic
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Of or relating to the civilization that flourished in mainland Greece during the Bronze Age
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Hellene
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a native or inhabitant of Greece
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Hellenic
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Greek: of or relating to or characteristic of Greece or the Greeks or the Greek language
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Hellespont
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Dardanelles, strait between the Aegean and the Sea of Marmara
"Bridge to Greece" |
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Henotheism
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Belief in or worship of one deity without denying the existence of other deities
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Hephaistos
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the lame god of fire and metalworking in ancient mythology
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Hera
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Jealous wife of Zeus
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Heracles
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Son of Zeus, who freed Prometheus
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Hermes
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conductor of souls to the afterworld, psychopomp, crosser of boundaries
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Hesiod
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the epic poet second only to Homer in importance, was born at Ascra in Boeotia, near the mount Hellikon.
Theogony & Works and Days |
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Hierogamy
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Hieros Gamos: Divine Sex, holy marriage
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Hittite
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a member of an ancient people who inhabited Anatolia, destroyed the Babylonian Civilization3
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Homer
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Blind poet who authored Iliad and Odyssey
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Hubris
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overbearing pride or presumption
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Humbaba
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Monster of Pine forest slain by Gilgamesh and Enkidu
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Ichor
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the rarified fluid said to flow in the veins of the Gods
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Ida
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Ida is a Hindu goddess of the earth, abundant food, and nourishment
Mount Ida in Crete and Turkey |
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Ilion
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Another name for Troy
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Inanna
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Sumerian goddess of sexual love, fertility, and warfare
Counterpart to Ishtar |
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Incipit
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First few lines of a poem
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Indo European
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the family of languages that by 1000 BC were spoken throughout Europe and in parts of southwestern and southern Asia
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Io
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a maiden seduced by Zeus, disguised as a white heifer, eventually settles in egypt
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Iris
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the personification of the rainbow and messenger of the gods
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Isaac
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the second patriarch; son of Abraham and Sarah who was offered by Abraham as a sacrifice to God
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Ishtar
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Babylonian and Assyrian goddess of love and fertility and war; counterpart to the Phoenician Astarte
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Israel
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an ancient kingdom of the Hebrew tribes at the southeastern end of the Mediterranean Sea; founded by Saul around 1025 BC and destroyed by the Assyrians in 721 BC
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IV
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4
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Jerusalem
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Conquered by David in 1000BCE, and was the spiritual center of the Jewish people.
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JHWH
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Tetragrammaton, Yahweh, Elohim, Jewish god
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Judah
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the major tribal group of the Southern Kingdom, named for one of the sons of Jacob. After the death of Solomon in the late 10th century, the kingdom was divided into two, with Judah in the south and Israel in the north.
The capital of Judah was Jerusalem. |
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Knossos
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an ancient town on Crete where Bronze Age culture flourished from about 2000 BC to 1400 BC
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Koine
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a common mode of discourse
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Kronos
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god, son of Uranus, father of Zeus
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Kudos
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glory, fame, renown
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Laconia
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an ancient region of southern Greece in the southeastern Peloponnesus; dominated by Sparta
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Leda
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a queen of Sparta who was raped by Zeus who had taken the form of a swan; Helen of Troy, Clytemenestra, Castor, Pollux where her children
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Levant
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western-most part of SW Asia, Canaan, land of milk and honey
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Leviticus
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is the third book of the Hebrew Bible, part of the Holiness Code
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Liminal
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Transitional
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Logos
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Reasoned doctrine
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LV
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55
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Lykaon
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Son of Priam, who begged for Achilles mercy but was killed nonetheless
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Marduk
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Chief God of Babylon, rose to power after killing Tiamat.
Father: Ea G-father: Anu |
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Menelaus
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the king of Sparta at the time of the Trojan War; brother of Agamemnon; husband of Helen
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Mesopotamia
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he land between the Tigris and Euphrates; site of several ancient civilizations; part of what is now known as Iraq
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Metanarrative
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sits on top of what can be known
created by a synthesis of traditional stories and modern sensibilities |
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Minoan
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a Cretan who lived in the bronze-age culture of Crete about 3000-1100 BC
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Minos
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King and legislator of Crete, son of Zeus and Europa
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Moira
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predetermined, fate
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Monolatry
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the worship of a single god but without claiming that it is the only god
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Monotheism
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belief in a single God
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Mosaic
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art consisting of a design made of small pieces of colored stone or glass
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Moses
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the Hebrew prophet who led the Israelites from Egypt across the Red sea on a journey known as the Exodus
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Muse
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any of 9 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne; protector of an art or science
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Mycenae
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an ancient city is southern Greece, where Agamemnon is from
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Mycenaean
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characteristic of Mycenae
Earliest Greek language, linear B |
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Myrmidon
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a member of the warriors who followed Achilles on the expedition against Troy
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Mytheme
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an irreducible, unchanging element of a myth
a tiny bit of a story |
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Mythos
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"what is said", most about the gods
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Nectar
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(along with ambrosia)
the food and drink of the gods; mortals who ate it became immortal |
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Neolithic
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agricultural revolution, transition from hunter-gathering to settlement
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Nephilim
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A race of beings mentioned in the Old Testament, described as being physically impressive and heroic
God's Sons |
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Neoptolemos
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"new war"
Son of Achilles |
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Nereid
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any of the 50 sea nymphs who were daughters of the sea god Nereus
(Thetis) |
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Nestor
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wise old counselor to the Greeks at Troy
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Nile
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River essential to Egyptian civilization
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Niobe
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daughter of Tantalus whose boasting about her children provoked Apollo and Artemis to slay them all
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Noah
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Hebrew survivor of the flood, Utnapishtim, Atrahasis
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Noachic
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broad, universal, unspecific covenant.
Symbolized by the rainbow |
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Nostoi
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The return stories
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Oceanids
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sea nymph who was a daughter of Oceanus and Tethys
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Odysseus
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Greek Hero known for his wit, tried to convince Achilles, Penelope, King of Ithaca, son of Laertes
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Oikoumene
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the inhabited world or region
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Okeanos
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world ocean, which was a river encircling the entire world
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Olympiad
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A period of 4 years
A Olympic competitor |
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Olympian
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A competitor in the pan-hellenic games (Olympics)
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Olympos
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Mountain where the gods lived
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Ornamentation
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Elaboration
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Ouranos
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Uranus, father of Kronos, grandfather of Zeus
(Anu, Phoenician skygod) |
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Pagan
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heathen: a person who does not acknowledge your god
a polytheistic person |
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Paganism
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any of various religions other than Christianity or Judaism or Islamism
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Palestine
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an ancient country in southwestern Asia on the east coast of the Mediterranean Sea
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Pandora
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the first woman; created by Hephaestus on orders from Zeus who presented her to Epimetheus along with a box filled with evils
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Panhellenism
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of or relating to all the Greeks; "the Olympic Games were a Panhellenic celebration"
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Paradigm
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exemplar, something to be imitated
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Paris
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the prince of Troy who abducted Helen from her husband Menelaus and provoked the Trojan War
(Alexandros) |
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Patroklos
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Kind gentle friend of Achilles, who was killed by Hektor
son of Menoetius |
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Pelasgian
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Inhabitant of pre-Hellenic Greece
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Peleus
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Mortal father of Achilles
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Pentateuch
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The five books of Moses contained in the Torah scroll.
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Philia
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friendship, affection
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Philistine
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Southern Canaan, invaders who lacked culture
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Phoenician
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a member of an ancient Semitic people who dominated trade in the first millennium B.C.
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Phoinix
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Myrmidon who urges Achilles to reenter the fighting, fatherly figure
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Phthia
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Phoinix was the king of Phthia and raised Achilles there, Southern Greece
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Phthonos
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Envy
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Pluralism
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when small groups within a larger society maintain their unique cultural identities
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Polemic
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a work that intends to stir up controversy
"anti-something" |
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Polis
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A city, or a city-state
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Polythetic
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having many, but not all properties in common
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Poseidon
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the god of the sea and earthquakes in ancient mythology
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Postdiluvian
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After creation of the world we live in
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Priam
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the last king of Troy; father of Hector and Paris and Cassandra
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Primus Inter Pares
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first among peers is a phrase which indicates that a person is the most senior of a group of people sharing the same rank or office.
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Proem
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preface, introduction
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Prometheia
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The Prometheia is a trilogy of plays about the Titan Prometheus
only Prometheus bound survives |
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Prometheus
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foresight
Titan who stole fire from Olympus and gave it to mankind |
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Protocol
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code of correct conduct, a standard procedure.
Ex) Invoking a Muse, Starting with when |
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Protreptic
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A narrative that tells you how to behave
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PV
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Prometheus Vinctus
"Prometheus Bound" |
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Pylos
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A seaport on the southwestern Peloponnesian Peninsula
Hometown of Nestor |
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Quarrels
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violent disputes
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Rahab
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Prostitute in the city of Jericho (Shamhat)
Sea monster, dragons of the waters |
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Rainbow
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sign of the noachic covenant
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Renascence
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re-birth or revival (pertaining to the Greeks)
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Ruin
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destroy
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Sabbath
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A day for rest and worship
Friday - Muslims Saturday - Christians Sunday - Jews |
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Sarpedon
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Son of Zeus, who fought with for the Trojans, killed by Patroclus
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Saul
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first king of the Israelites
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Scamander
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was a river god who almost killed Achilles during Trojan war
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Sectarian
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a narrow-minded adherence to a particular sect or party or denomination
"bigot" |
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Secular
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state of being separate from religion
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Semiotic
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The study of signs and symbols, especially as means of language or communication
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Semite
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a member of any of a number of peoples of ancient southwestern Asia including the Akkadians, Phoenicians, Hebrews, and Arabs
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Semitic
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relating to people of the ancient Near East, including Jews, Arabs, Babylonians, Assyrians, and Phoenicians
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Shamhat
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temple prostitute who tames enkidu
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Shield
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Achilles shield was a symbol of life beyond war
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Siduri
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She attempts to dissuade Gilgamesh in his quest for immortality, urging him to enjoy life
Wife of Utnaphistim |
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Homeric Simile
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a detailed comparison in the form of a simile that is many lines in length, comparison using like or as
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Sinai
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a mountain, it is believed to be the peak on which Moses received the Ten Commandments
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Sodom
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an ancient city near the Dead Sea that (along with Gomorrah) was destroyed by God for the wickedness of its inhabitants
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Sophist
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professional teacher
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Spartan
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resolute in the face of pain or danger, using few words
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Sumer
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Earliest known civilization of the ancient Near East (4th to 3rd millennia BC), located in lower Mesopotamia
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Sumeria
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An old or poetic name for Sumer
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Suzerain
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Overlord, dominant nation
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Syncretism
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Cult integration, absorption of culture
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Syria
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country, location of Sumer and Akkadia
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Tanakh
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an acronym formed from the beginning letters of the three divisions of the Hebrew bible:
TNK Torah: 5 books of Moses Nevi'im: Prophets Kethuvim: Writings |
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Tartaros
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an abyss used as a dungeon of torment and suffering that resides beneath the underworld
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Telos
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an end or purpose
make progress over time |
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Tetragrammaton
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JHWH, Elohim, Lord
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Theocracy
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he belief in government by divine guidance
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Theogony
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Origins of the gods, poem by Hesiod
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Theomachy
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battle among gods
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Theophany
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a visible (but not necessarily material) manifestation of a deity to a human person
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Thetis
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one of the 50 Nereids; mother of Achilles by Peleus
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Threnody
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A song or poem of lamentation or mourning for a dead person
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Tigris
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River of great importance to Mesopotamia
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Timé
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Honor
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Timocracy
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A form of government in which ambition for honor, power and military glory motivates the rulers
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Titan
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any of the primordial giant gods who ruled the Earth until overthrown by Zeus; the Titans were offspring of Uranus (Heaven) and Gaea (Earth)
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Topos
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a traditional theme or motif or literary convention
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Torah
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the whole body of the Jewish sacred writings and tradition including the oral tradition
First 5 books |
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Trickster
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Prometheus
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Troy
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an ancient city in Asia Minor that was the site of the Trojan War
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Tyrannos
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A tyrant, such as Zeus was considered
A person who has power to settle disputes |
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Tyre
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A city in the eastern Mediterranean, in what is now Lebanon.
Birthplace of Europa |
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Ugarit
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city on the Mediterranean coast, source of important collection of Canaanite myths and texts
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Ur
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Capital of ancient Sumer
Nanna was the patron goddess |
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Uruk
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An ancient city in Sumer and Babylonia (Gilgamesh)
Ishtar was the patron goddess |
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Utnapishtim
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survivor of the flood in Gilgamesh
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Wisdom
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the quality of being prudent and sensible
Wisdom literature; Hesiod |
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Woman
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"original sin"
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Xanthos
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Trojan, son of Phainops, killed by Diomedes
River god that almost kills Achilles |
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Xenia
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Greek concept of hospitality
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Xenos
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Greek concept of hospitality, or generosity and courtesy shown to those who are far from home
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Yahweh
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name of Jewish god
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Yamm
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sea god defeated by Ba'al
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Zeus
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Indo-European storm god, son of Kronos
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Zion
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alternate name for Jerusalem
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