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154 Cards in this Set
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Some synonyms for the phrase "cope with a problem" include: |
You are perfectly capable of handling all this I was frightened of tackling a new job Deal with Manage |
tackle a roblem/issue/question/job/challenge/blaze/fire |
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Some synonyms for "accept a problem" include: |
I Can't take all these change. We adapt /əˈdæpt/to new situations extremely well. flowers which are well adapted to harsh winters |
a‧dopt /əˈdɒpt $ əˈdɑːpt/ Sally was adopted when she was four. adopt an approach/policy/attitude etc |
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1)To successfully complete something difficult or challenging, such as a task or a difficult period of time.
2)To manage to communicate with someone, especially by phone.
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1)"I'm confident that we can get through this project on time."
It was hard, but we managed to get through the tough times together."
2)"I couldn't get through to her because her phone was off." |
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an idiom that means to gain control of one's emotions, behavior, or a situation. It's often used to encourage someone to calm down, focus, or take charge of a situation |
"You need to get a grip on yourself and think rationally about the problem."
get a grip man! |
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1)To physically move forward by taking a step. 2) To take action or make progress in a particular situation. 3) To volunteer or offer to help with something. |
1) "After the announcement, the spokesperson stepped forward to address the media." 2)Taking action: "The government needs to step forward and implement policies to address the issue." That's a real step forward 3)When they needed volunteers for the project, she was the first to step forward and offer her help |
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اندام دست و پا |
/lɪm/ Hundreds of children have lost limbs after stepping on mines. artificial limbs strong-limbed/long-limbed |
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immigrate ≠ emigrate migrate /maɪˈɡreɪt $ ˈmaɪɡreɪt/ : if birds or animals or humans migrate, they travel regularly from one part of the world to another |
emigrate to/from He emigrated to Australia as a young man. His father and mother immigrated when he was two. How do birds know when to migrate? Where there are areas of high unemployment, workers tend to migrate to other, wealthier parts of the country. migratory workers who follow seasonal jobs |
immigration ≠ emigration immigrant ≠ emigrant (noun) migration migrant (adjective) migratory |
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Opp of blondie |
brunette /bruːˈnet/ The elegant brunette was thinner, longer, and more sophisticated. |
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means that people who are similar to each other tend to associate with one another. This expression suggests that individuals with similar characteristics, interests, or backgrounds often form social groups or communities. |
birds of a feather flock together |
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The most ten famous proverbs in English-speaking countries are: |
A penny for your thoughts.Meaning: Asking someone what they are thinking. Actions speak louder than words. Meaning: What people do is more important than what they say. All that glitters is not gold.Meaning: Not everything that looks valuable or impressive is necessarily so. Don't count your chickens before they're hatched.Meaning: Don't make plans based on something that hasn't happened yet. Every cloud has a silver lining.Meaning: In difficult times, there is always some hope or positive aspect. |
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The most ten famous proverbs in English-speaking countries are: |
Honesty is the best policy.Meaning: It's better to be truthful and straightforward. Rome wasn't built in a day.Meaning: Achieving great things takes time. The early bird catches the worm. Meaning: Being prompt and early gives you an advantage. You can't have your cake and eat it too. Meaning: You can't have everything; sometimes, choices must be made. When in Rome, do as the Romans do. Meaning: Follow the customs or behavior of the people in a new place or environment. |
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5 useful sentences from from the lessonone |
1)I made two big life changes 2)This boy is 100% tehran 3) we should accept that we are terrific at surviving 4) after I stopped being mad at him 5)welcome change and challenges welcome to this party |
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5 useful sentences from from the lessonone |
1) when I am a stressed I tell my self to get a grip 2) you are capable of handling all things 3) she usually likes things the way they are 4) following the same routine |
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to make someone extremely angry SYN anger |
verb) Her actions infuriated her mother. adj) The infuriating thing is that he is always right. |
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if you do something in person, you go somewhere and do it yourself, instead of doing something by letter, asking someone else to do it etc personally |
You have to sign for it in person.
If you can't be there in person, the next best thing is watching it on TV.
I would never hire someone before meeting them in person.
an in-person interview/meeting/visit
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حضوری |
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to use your hands in an awkward or careless way, so that you drop or break things
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I'm all thumbs when it comes to fixing things around the house.
Would you do up these buttons for me? I seem to be all thumbs today.
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1) to gradually change your behaviour and attitudes in order to be successful in a new situation |
/əˈdæpt/ adapt to The children are finding it hard to adapt to the new school. adapt yourself/itself etc (to something) How do these insects adapt themselves to new environ ments? adapt something to do something The car has been adapted to take unleaded gas. |
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to take someone else’s child into your home and legally become its parent → foster |
/əˈdɒpt $ əˈdɑːpt/ Sally was adopted when she was four. adopt an approach/policy/attitude etc Congress finally adopted the law after a two-year debate. Stevens became a Muslim and adopted the name Yusuf Islam |
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something is difficult to use or manage |
"The new software interface is hard to operate without proper training." "The old machinery was hard to operate due to its complex controls." he industrial-grade printing press turned out to be hard to operate without proper training. |
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save face Lose face |
"Despite the mistake, she managed to save face by quickly finding a solution." He felt embarrassed and feared he would lose face in front of his colleagues. |
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Have patience lose patience |
"I'll need to have patience while teaching my grandmother how to use her new smartphone. After waiting for hours, he began to lose patience with the delayed fligh |
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keep temper
Lose temper
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Despite the frustrating situation, she managed to keep her temper and calmly address the issue
He rarely loses his temper, but the constant noise finally made him snap |
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to be not worth the time, money etc that you use because there is little or no result time-consuming |
We should never have gone – it was a total waste of time. "Attending that meeting turned out to be a waste of time as nothing productive was accomplished." |
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noun )a short period when you do too much of something, such as eating or drinking |
/bɪndʒ/ Binge drinking is an increasing problem among young people. on a binge Ken’s gone on a binge with his mates. Do you ever binge watch TV shows ? |
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"vacation" (/vəˈkeɪʃən $ veɪ-/ )refers to a period of time spent away from home or work for relaxation or recreation "vocation"( /vəʊˈkeɪʃənəl $ voʊ-/)refers to a person's occupation or career, especially one requiring a specific trade or skill.RetryAsk Web&GPT-4Monica |
We’re planning a vacation in Europe. on vacation He’s on vacation this week vocational qualifications Jan has a vocation for teaching |
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typically means that someone is having difficulty distinguishing between two similar things or concepts. |
I can't keep the twins straight" I can't keep them straight |
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unclear, confusing, or not certain, especially because it can be understood in more than one way OPP unambiguous |
/æmˈbɪɡjuəs/ The language in the Minister’s statement is highly ambiguous. In everyday English, people also use the phrase you can take something two ways instead of saying it is ambiguous: What she says is ambiguous. → You can take what she says two ways. |
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to translate spoken words from one language into another to believe that something someone does or something that happens has a particular meaning to explain the meaning of something |
ɪnˈtɜːprɪt $ -ɜːr-
They spoke good Spanish, and promised to interpret for me. His refusal to work late was interpreted as a lack of commitment to the company. /ɪnˌtɜːprɪˈteɪʃən $ -ɜːr-/ One possible interpretation is that they want you to resign |
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small or limited in size, area, or amount opp unrestircted |
It’s difficult trying to work in such a restricted space.
Press freedom is severely restricted. it has a more restricted use restricted to There is restricted access to this information |
restriction on restrictions on immigration a 50 mph speed restriction trade/travel restrictions impose/place restrictions on something The new law restricts the sale of hand guns. |
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spoken used before mentioning something surprising that happened – used humorously |
We had just been talking about John when, lo and behold, he walked into the room |
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usually. |
food is scarce and more often than not they go hungry" |
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fast forward to earlier this year |
For example, if it's currently August 2024, "fast forward to earlier this year" would mean to mentally move back to a point in time within the same year, such as January or February 2024 |
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INFORMAL long ago. |
I remember that song from way back in the 90s this was founded way back in 2005 |
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do-it-yourself) the activity of making or repairing things yourself instead of buying them or paying someone else to do it |
a DIY enthusiast a DIY project |
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develop or progress with increasing success. |
go from strength to strength his party has gone from strength to strength since he became leader |
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refers to the initial purpose or aim behind a particular action, decision, or creation. It indicates the original or primary reason for doing something |
original intention beyond their orginal intention This was not its original intention, of course The original intention had been that they should assist at the base and, in emergency, should act as a rescue team. |
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If a game of football kicks off, it starts: |
What time does the game kick off? he kicked off the movement |
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👉👉👉→→pass on
👇👇👇👇pass down |
what skilld or knowledge have your grandpants and parents passed on to you
by using the creative skills they passed down to me in my own way I've joined the maker movement |
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agree a strongly |
that's so true you can say that again I couldn't agree more Informal: right on bro/sis we see eye to eye on that I couldn't say it better myself fun way: great mind think alike |
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disagree |
I see it differently we don't see eye to eye on that I beg to defer let's agree to disagree have it's your way |
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sentences that are usefull in discussing |
Overall looking at the big picture generally speaking when it comes to |
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opp of single sex education |
co- edueducation |
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to receive money, property ,genies etc from someone after they have died pass on/ down |
inherit something from somebody He inherited a fortune from his grandmother. inherited wealth he has to fight for her life and her inheritance in this gripping novel. Our genetic inheritance cannot be changed. cultural inheritance cultural heritage |
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typically means to resemble or have similar traits to someone, especially a family member |
nassim really takes after her mother. iman has taken after his mother She takes after me with her love of horses. ely took after her dad after all. |
GRAMMAR: Using the progressive Take after is not used in the progressive. You say:He takes after you. ✗Don’t say: He is taking after you. |
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a situation in which a lot of people die or suffer, and a lot of damage is done |
əˈpɒkəlɪps $ əˈpɑː-/ A lot of investors now fear a stock market apocalypse.
anti-nuclear protesters who fear the apocalypse
adj)The novel presents us with an apocalyptic vision of the future. |
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put something befor put something first |
many employees put the companie's benefits before they own mental and physical well-being my resolution for the New Year if to make a more concerted effort to put others first |
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a line of hard rocks formed by coral, found in warm sea water that is not very deep |
noun [countable] Marine scientists were pretty sure a coral reef, like any complex ecosystem, must be assembled in the correct order. |
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GRAMMAR: Patterns with sea |
in the sea to talk about things that happen in the water: We paddled in the sea. Whales are mammals that live in the sea.on the sea• on the sea to talk about things that happen on the surface of the water: The boat floated on the calm sea. by the sea by the sea to talk about things that are on the land near the sea: They live in a cottage by the sea. sea water Removing salt from sea water is an expensive process. a sea view sea level the sea air (=the air close to the sea)He breathed in the fresh sea air. the sea bed (also the sea floor) (=the land at the bottom of the sea) A lot of these small creatures feed on the sea bed. ocean/river bed |
blue/calm/rough (=with big waves) choppy sea (=with a lot of small waves) the deep sea (=the water deep under the surface of the sea)The deep sea is the most unexplored area left on the planet. |
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Other equivalents for "pros and cons" |
Advantages and disadvantages Strengths and weaknesses Benefits and drawbacks Positives and negatives |
What are the benefits and drawbacks of human activity? |
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collocation of effect |
have an effect on something/somebody My parents’ divorce had a big effect on me. what effect do you think it has on the fish and other wildlife? effect of the harmful effects of modern farming practices. the long-term effect of the drug . the cumulative effect of human activities on the global environment. feel an effect (=notice it) Small companies will feel the effect of the recession first. lessen/reduce an effect (=make an effect smaller or less severe) The government must take action to reduce the effects of pollution. an effect lasts (=continues) The effect of the drug lasts about six hours. |
big/major/significant/powerful/dramatic (=very big and sudden) small/negligible/minimal formal/ good /positive /bad /negative harmful/damaging/ visible/noticeable the long-term/short-term effect the desired effect (=the effect you want) |
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THESAURUS of effect |
impact an effect that happens as a result of something important the environmental impact of industrial activity influence the effect that something has on people’s opinions or behaviour, or on how something develops American television has had a big influence on popular culture in the west. |
side effect normaly about drugs and medical treatment after-effects the after-effects of the war |
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Word family of effect |
ineffective in doing something The chemical was almost totally ineffective in killing the weeds. ineffective against people usually say that something does not work rather than saying that it is ineffective The cheaper drugs are just as effective in treating arthritis. people usually say that something works (well), rather than say that it is effective |
(noun) effect effectiveness ≠ ineffectiveness (adjective) effective ≠ ineffective (adverb) effectively ≠ ineffectively |
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Using something until it finishes. |
use up drink up eat up |
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to meet, find, or discover someone or something by chance |
I’ve never come across anyone quite like her before. if an idea comes across well, it is easy for people to understand Your point really came across at the meeting. |
in written English, people often use encounter when writing about problems or difficulties because this sounds more formal than come across: The team of researchers had encountered similar problems before. |
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diffrence between observe and monitor |
Observe: This typically involves watching or noticing something carefully or attentively. It often implies a passive act of watching without necessarily taking action. For example, you might observe a sunset, observe someone's behavior, or observe wildlife in their natural habitat. Monitor: Monitoring involves a more active and systematic observation to check or track something continuously over time. It often implies a more intentional and ongoing process of observation with the purpose of gathering information or ensuring that something is functioning properly. For example, you might monitor a patient's vital signs in a hospital, monitor a computer system for performance, or monitor a child's behavior in school. |
In summary while "observe" is often about watching or noticing something with attention, "monitor" involves a more deliberate and continuous observation for a specific purpose. |
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• He seemed more alert than a cat after a sparrow( /spærəʊ $ -roʊ/) I knew how the mouse felt when the hawk seized it. ( /hɔːk $ hɒːk/) cock‧roach /ˈkɒk-rəʊtʃ $ ˈkɑːk-roʊtʃ/ (also roach American English) |
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the opp of wild animal |
Zooarchaeology has identified three classes of animal domesticates: Pets (dogs, cats, ferrets, hamsters, etc.) Livestock (cattle, sheep, pigs, goats, etc.) Beasts of burden (horses, camels, donkeys, etc.) |
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someone is a tough cookie if they are not easily hurt emotionally all physically |
you don't need to worry about Rachel she is a really tough cookie |
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to (cause to) change from a solid, frozen state to a liquid or soft one, because of an increase in temperature: |
/θɔː $ θɒː/ verb
in the spring they thaw out and head straight for the nearest pound. Allow the meat to thaw(out) completely before cooking it. The lake thawed in March. |
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very strict and difficult to change OPP flexible |
rigid and authoritarian methods of education rigid adherence to old-fashioned ideas |
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on the verge of extinction on the brink of extinction |
/ɪnˈdeɪndʒəd $ -ərd/ The lizards are classed as an endangered species. |
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Gradable adjectives Most adjectives are gradable. This means we can have different levels of that quality. For example, you can be a bit cold, very cold or extremely cold. We can make them weaker or stronger with modifiers: |
Modifiers a little/a bit →pretty/quite →really/very →extremely Adjectives angry, big, boring, cheap, cold, expensive, frightening, funny, hot, interesting, old, pretty, small, tasty, tired, etc. |
She was quite angry when she found out. The film we saw last night was really funny! It can be extremely cold in Russia in the winter. |
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Ungradable adjectives: ungradable adjectives don't have different degrees and therefore don't usually have Comparative or superlative forms: They were Furious and exhausted which most ungradable adjectives we can use intensifiers such as absolutely completely totally and utterly |
furious = very angry boilling= very hot freezing= very cold goergous= stunning= very beautiful enormous= gigantic= very big tiny= very small exhausted= shattered= very tired terrible= awful = very bad fantastic= great= very good impossible= very difficult terrified= petrified= very scared amazed= very suprised hilarious= very funny hungry= starving hideous= very ugly spotless= very clean sad= miserable delighted= joyful= very happy brilliant= very clever |
Gradble Adjective have degrees and can be used with adverbs such as very, a little and really but not with Intensifiers like absolutely, completely etc: those animals are very tough note: really can be used with both Gradble and ungradable adjectives |
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Non-gradable/Ungradable: absolute adjectives Some adjectives are non-gradable. For example, something can't be a bit finished or very finished. You can't be a bit dead or very dead. These adjectives describe absolute qualities. To make them stronger we have to use modifiers like absolutely, totally or completely: |
Modifiers: absolutely/totally/completely Adjectives acceptable, dead, destroyed, finished, free, impossible, necessary, perfect, ruined, unacceptable, etc. |
Thank you, I love it! It's absolutely perfect! Their farm was totally destroyed by a tornado. My work is completely finished. Now I can relax. |
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something that seems to be good, but that can have a bad effect |
Being famous is often a double-edged sword. |
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eye-opener gamechanger |
it's an eye-opener thatallows people to see the world through different lenses and gaina fresh perspective. can be a game-changer |
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an idiomatic expression that means thoroughly examining or analyzing something from every angle or perspective, often in a very detailed and comprehensive manner. It implies a deep dive into a subject, process, or situation to understand it completely, inside and out, and possibly even challenging conventional thinking or norms by looking at it from different viewpoints. |
When preparing for the presentation, Sarah didn't just skim through the data; she really turned it upside down and inside out. She analyzed every detail, considered various perspectives, and presented a comprehensive report that impressed everyone in the meeting." |
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to become acquainted with or to gain knowledge or understanding of something. It implies the process of becoming familiar, comfortable, or knowledgeable about a particular subject, topic, or concept. |
She gets familiar with the new software by attending training sessions. Yesterday, he got familiar with the project requirements before starting his work. |
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means to escape from the busy, noisy, and chaotic urban environment. It refers to seeking peace, calm, and relaxation by moving away from the hectic city life to quieter surroundings such as rural areas, nature, or less crowded places. |
Last summer, we got away from the hustle and bustle of the city and enjoyed a peaceful vacation by the beach. I have gotten away from the hustle and bustle of the city several times this year to recharge and unwind |
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then1 /ðen/ ●●● adverb 1 )at a particular time in the past or future |
life was simple then. I wish I had known then what I know now. by/until/since then They’re sending out the results next week, so we won’t know anything until then. It was late evening when the doctor arrived, and by then it was too late. That was in 1970. Since then the place has changed a lot. They met in 1942 and from then on (=starting at that time) they were firm friends. Silently she closed the door. Just then she heard a noise. I was paid £1,000, which was a lot of money back then (=a long time ago when things were different) in the 1950s. |
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not active or not growing at the present time but able to be active later OPP active |
lie/remain dormant The seeds remain dormant until the spring. a huge dormant volcano a dormant account |
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1) noun / an imaginary creature that looks like a small man a person who is a dwarf has not continued to grow to the normal height because of a medical condition. Many people think that this use is offensive 2)adjective [only before noun] |
/dwɔːf $ dwɔːrf/ noun (plural dwarfs or dwarves)
1) Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs. 2)a dwarf cherry tree |
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difference between sutable and appropraite |
Suitable: "Suitable" refers to something that is fitting, appropriate, or acceptable for a particular purpose, situation, or person. It implies that something is well-suited or compatible in terms of characteristics, qualities, or requirements. Example: Wearing comfortable shoes is suitable for a long hike. Appropriate: "Appropriate" also means suitable or fitting for a specific purpose or situation, but it carries an additional notion of conforming to social norms, standards, or expectations. It implies that something is proper, correct, or acceptable according to the context and established guidelines. Example: Wearing formal attire is appropriate for a black-tie event. |
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difference between proper and appropraite |
Proper: "Proper" refers to what is correct, fitting, or suitable according to established standards, norms, or rules. It implies adherence to a particular protocol or behavior expected in a given context. Example: It is important to use proper table manners at a formal dinner. Appropriate: "Appropriate" also means suitable or fitting for a specific purpose or situation, but it carries a connotation of conforming to social customs, ethics, or appropriateness according to the circumstances. Example: It is important to wear appropriate attire to a job interview.In summary, "proper" often relates to adhering to established standards or rules, while "appropriate" extends to the idea of conforming to social norms or ethical behavior in a given context. While "proper" emphasizes correctness, "appropriate" places more emphasis on suitability in accordance with social expectations. |
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differences between understand find out figure out |
Understand: "Understand" means to comprehend or grasp the meaning or significance of something. It involves gaining knowledge or insight into a concept, idea, or situation. Example: After studying the material carefully, I began to understand the complex theory. Find out: "Find out" refers to discovering or obtaining information or facts that were previously unknown. It involves seeking or obtaining knowledge through investigation, research, or inquiry.Example: I called the customer service line to find out the status of my order. Figure out: "Figure out" means to solve or understand something through careful thought, analysis, or deduction. It implies using reasoning or problem-solving skills to arrive at a conclusion or solution.Example: It took some time, but I managed to figure out the answer to the challenging riddle. In summary, "understand" is about comprehending or knowing the meaning of something, "find out" is about obtaining new information, and "figure out" is about using reasoning or problem-solving to come to a conclusion or solution. |
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She lowered her bucket into the well. |
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an idiomatic expression in English that is used to taunt or challenge someone in a playful or boastful way. It implies that the person should envy or be jealous of something that the speaker has achieved, experienced, or possesses. It can be used to show off or express satisfaction about something in a slightly teasing manner. |
After winning the cooking competition, Sarah turned to her rival and said, "Eat your heart out! My signature dish just won first place." |
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com‧pa‧ri‧son /kəmˈpærəsən/ ●●○ W2 noun comparison with Comparison with his previous movies shows how Lee has developed as a director. in comparison (with/to something) In comparison to other recent video games, this one isn’t very exciting. by comparison (with something) By comparison with other European countries, car prices in the UK are very high. for comparison (with something) These figures are provided for comparison with the results of previous studies. He showed us the original text for comparison. on comparison British English (=after you have compared two things to see if they are similar or different) On comparison, the Renault was the more reliable of the two cars. |
In written English, people often use draw a comparison rather than make a comparison, as it sounds more formal: The writer draws a comparison between the 1950s and the present day. a direct comparison You can’t really make a direct comparison between the the two schools. an interesting comparison a valid/useful/meaningful comparison a fair/unfair comparison A fair comparison between the two firms is extremely difficult. |
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com‧pare1 /kəmˈpeə $ -ˈper/ ●●● S1 W1 verb The report compares the different types of home computer available. compare something/somebody with something/somebody The police compared the suspect’s fingerprints with those found at the crime scene. compare something/somebody to something/somebody Davies’ style of writing has been compared to Dickens’. |
compare ( noun) She went to her chamber and used every art she knew to make herself beautiful beyond compare. |
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the state of a situation as it is |
maintain/preserve/defend the status quo (=not make any changes) Will the West use its influence to maintain the status quo and not disrupt the flow of oil? |
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the possibility that something will happen |
prospect of doing something I see no prospect of things improving here. There is every prospect (=a strong possibility) of the weather remaining dry this week. prospect for There are good prospects for growth in the retail sector. prospect that There’s a real prospect that England will not qualify for the World Cup. |
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The structure "to be more likely to" is used to express the increased probability or higher chance of something happening compared to other possibilities. It implies that one option or outcome is more probable or expected. Here are some examples of how this structure is used: |
It is more likely to rain tomorrow, according to the weather forecast. He was more likely to get the promotion because of his hard work. We will be more likely to succeed if we work together as a team By this time next year, I will be more likely to be traveling around the world. |
Regular exercise makes you more likely to maintain a healthy weight. Getting enough sleep can make you more likely to perform well in exams. |
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Sick leave refers to the time off from work that an employee takes due to illness or medical reasons. It is a type of leave granted by employers to allow employees to take time off from work when they are unwell and unable to perform their job duties. Sick leave is typically provided as a benefit to employees to ensure they can take the necessary time to recover from an illness without the fear of losing their income or their job. The specific policies and rules regarding sick leave, such as the amount of paid or unpaid time off allowed, are usually outlined in an organization's employee handbook or employment contract. |
An employee with a chronic health condition taking periodic sick leave for medical appointments or treatments. A parent using sick leave to care for a sick child at home. An employee recovering from surgery and using sick leave for the necessary recuperation time. |
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the condition of being mentally healthy OPP insanity |
san‧i‧ty /ˈsænəti/ noun [uncountable] I began to doubt his sanity. She wondered if she was losing her sanity. |
sane /seɪn/ ●○○ adjective
He seems perfectly sane (=completely sane) to me. No sane person would want to kill a baby. a sane and sensible approach to gun control insane, mentally ill That’s an insane risk. Why did you do that? Have you gone insane? |
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North |
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i broke my leg or my leg was broken? |
Both "I broke my leg" and "My leg was broken" are grammatically correct sentences. However, they convey slightly different meanings: "I broke my leg" implies that you are the one who caused the action of breaking your leg. This sentence suggests that you were directly involved in the act of breaking your leg. "My leg was broken" indicates that your leg was broken by some external force or action. This sentence focuses more on the passive aspect, suggesting that your leg was subjected to an action that resulted in it being broken. So, the choice between the two sentences depends on whether you want to emphasize your own agency in breaking your leg (the first sentence), or if you want to highlight the fact that your leg was broken by external circumstances (the second sentence). |
If you’ve broken/fractured a bone – forexample, your leg – the doctor will put your leg in a cast |
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fore noun Muhammad Ali and Pelé are at the fore of the other. fore- /fɔː $ fɔːr/ prefix her forenames a horse’s forelegs his forehead foremost foresee forecast |
to the fore Environmental issues came to the fore in the 1980s. The case brought to the fore a lot of racial tensions. Automatically, women's bodies are again to the fore. Passive smoking has come to the fore. |
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to change something, such as a decision, judgment, or process so that it is the opposite of |
everse a decision/verdict/policy etc The decision was reversed on appeal. reverse a trend/process/decline etc More changes are required to reverse the trend towards centralised power. |
reversal noun a sudden reversal of government policy irreversible damage, change etc is so serious or so great that you cannot change something back to how it was before OPP reversible Fossil fuels have caused irreversible damage to the environment |
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asking for information |
Is there any danger of ... what exactly do you mean by.. is there a risk of... what sort of coat would you recommend taking? |
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providing information |
the most important thing to consider is... first and foremost, one thing to keep in mind is... another thing to consider is... |
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he phrase "take some time out" means to pause or temporarily withdraw from your normal activities or responsibilities in order to relax, rest, or engage in activities that bring you rejuvenation and enjoyment. It suggests taking a break from the regular routine or schedule to focus on self-care or personal well-being. |
Last month he took some time out to talk about his most recent -and Most Extreme- trip. After a hectic week at work, I decided to take some time out and go for a long walk in the park. She took time out from her career to raise her children. |
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the act or process of describing something or someone in detail |
description of an accurate description of the event give (somebody) a description She was unable to give the police a description of her attacker. perfect/a full /a long /a general description |
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talking about the climate |
the Average annual rainfall is around.... The temperatures often rich over 40 degrees Celsius The average annual rainfall reaches over 2 inches. " the Average yearly rainfall/ snowfall The range of temperatures is between around 46 degrees F inJanuary and 79 degrees F in July The range of temperature is from 50°F to 80°F." "The temperature ranges from -10°C to 30°C." |
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what is the population of tehran? |
the population of Tehran is almost 10 million people *NOT MILLIONS |
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generally means that over time, someone begins to like or appreciate something or someone more, even if they initially didn't have a positive impression or feeling towards it. It suggests a gradual change in perception or attitude towards something or someone. |
grow on someone Living in a small town was tough at first, but the place grows on you. This is very different music remember. It may need to grow on you 😁 Sarah didn't find John particularly attractive at first, but as they spent more time together, his personality and charm started to grow on her, and she found herself falling in love with him. At first, John didn't like the new painting in the gallery, but after spending more time with it, it started to grow on him, and now he thinks it's a masterpiece |
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Types of work shifts |
Night Shift Day Shift Graveyard Shift :The third shift is also known as the graveyard shift, midnight shift, or night shift First Shift Second Shift Evening shift Weekend shift Overtime :occur when employees work beyond their regular hours, often to cover peak demand periods or unexpected events. Continental shifts benefit businesses with ongoing needs, as they can split their employees into various eight-hour shifts. |
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word family of enthuse (noun) enthusiasm enthusiast /ɪnˈθjuːziæst $ ɪnˈθuː-/ (adjective) enthusiastic ≠ unenthusiastic /ɪnˌθjuːziˈæstɪk◂ $ ɪnˌθuː-/ (verb) enthuse /ɪnˈθjuːz $ ɪnˈθuːz/ (adverb) enthusiastically ≠ unenthusiastically |
omeone who is very interested in a particular activity or subject baseball/outdoors/sailing etc enthusiast a keep-fit enthusiast enthusiast for an enthusiast for the latest management thinking enthusiastic about (doing) something All the staff are enthusiastic about the project. enthuse about/over Rick was there, enthusing about life in Australia. be enthused by/with something The owners were certainly enthused by the offer. |
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to delay doing something, because it does not need your attention immediately or because it is not as important as other things that you need to do immediately |
The project has been backburnered. put/leave something on the back burnerinformal to delay doing something until a later time The government quietly put the scheme on the back burner. back-burnerexperiment |
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main character or one of themost important people taking part in a competition, battle, or struggle |
the main protagonists in the conflict antagonist:a person who is strongly opposed to something or someone: The antagonists in this dispute are quite unwilling to compromise. |
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are lines on your face and skin that you get when you are old a small untidy fold in a piece of clothing or paper SYN crease |
Which type of skin does not get wrinkles easily? Dry or oily? She walked over to the bed and smoothed out the wrinkles. Her face was old and covered in wrinkles |
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a false warning about something dangerous |
/həʊks $ hoʊks/ noun [countable] a bomb hoax hoax calls (=telephone calls giving false information) to the police an elaborate hoax |
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beginner a model that is the shape and size of a person, especially used in order to show clothes in a shop or when you are making clothes STUPID PERSON |
Cooking For Dummies a shop-window dummy No, you dummy. The other hand. |
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for person:having a lot of experience of life, and good judgment about socially important things such as art, fashion etc for machine: very well designed and very advanced, and often works in a complicated way |
a sophisticated, witty American British voters have become much more sophisticated. a highly sophisticated weapons system |
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to be in a difficult or painful situation for a long time without complaining |
It seemed impossible that anyone could endure such pain endure doing something He can’t endure being apart from me. I have endured many problemes to gethere Register In everyday English, people usually say stand rather than endure: I couldn’t stand the pain. |
endurance |
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a creature that people think may exist on another planet
adjective relating to things that exist outside the Earth |
/ˌekstrətəˈrestriəl◂/ noun [countable]
an extraterrestrial haven.
extraterrestrial exploration
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too many to be counted |
a famous film clip which has been shown countless times |
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show off to talk too proudly about what you have done, what you own etc – used to show disapproval SYN boast |
/bræɡ/ ●○○ verb (bragged, bragging) [intransitive, transitive] ‘I came out top in the test, ’ he bragged. brag about Ben’s always bragging about his success with women. brag that Julia used to brag that her family had a villa in Spain. I wish she'd stop bragging about how rich her parents are. ‘I wouldn’t be afraid, ’ she boasted. |
be full of yourself informal to show by your words and behaviour that you are very proud of your abilities and achievements – used when you dislike someone because of this ‘He’s so full of himself, ’ Constance complained. ‘He thinks he can get away with anything. ’After the game she was really full of herself. |
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if one person does something in this way, they do it without help from anyone else SYN alone |
also single-handed- adverb She brought up three children single-handedly. It was then left in the hands of head gardener Ken Vaughn, who ran it single-handedly for 30 years. |
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means that a particular person's presence or influence tends to elicit the negative or positive aspects of your character or behavior. the phrase emphasizes the effect that another person has on your behavior or character, either by amplifying negative traits or eliciting positive ones. |
When someone brings out the worst in you, it means that being around them or interacting with them somehow triggers negative qualities or behaviors that you may not display in other situations. It implies that their influence somehow amplifies or encourages negative traits.Example: Sarah's sibling always brings out the worst in her. Whenever they get together, they argue and become incredibly competitive. On the other hand, when someone brings out the best in you, it means that their presence or influence tends to inspire or encourage the display of your positive qualities or behaviors. It suggests that they have a positive impact on your character or bring out the best version of yourself. Example: Steven's partner always brings out the best in him. Their constant support and encouragement motivate him to strive for success and be the best version of himself. |
sarah always brings out the worst in me. I find myself getting angry and impatient whenever we spend time together." "Ever since I started dating Mark, he has brought out the best in me. I feel more motivated and inspired to work towards my goals." |
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means that you need some time to think about or consider something before making a decision or giving a response. It implies taking a moment to reflect on the matter before taking any action. |
Example:"I appreciate the job offer, but I need some time to sit on it before I can give you my final decision. Can I get back to you by the end of the week?" |
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"Strong" is an adjective "Strength" is a noun "Strengthen" is a verb |
"He is a strong man who can lift heavy weights." "She has a strong personality that commands respect." His greatest strength is his ability to remain calm under pressure." "The strength of the bridge was tested by the heavy load it had to bear." |
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Which persons expression would yours be most like?
( what situations can you think of) that (reveal what people are really like)? |
Do you think their faces reveal their true feelings?
which person are you most like?
What is the aim of his work?
In what jobs or other areas of Life do you think it's helpful to be an introvert? |
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I prefer listening to talking reading to socializing and cozy chats to group setting An extrovert is someone who easily attracts (draw)attention, enjoys the company of others and can be the life of the party wheras an introvert is someone who is reserved, may find it difficult to speak up and Express opinions and often feels left out in social situations |
ambivert is a person who sometimes needs quiet and get energy from it and at other times works best interacting with people |
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an important new discovery in something you are studying, especially one made after trying for a long time |
breakthrough in Scientists have made a major breakthrough in the treatment of cancer. VERBS make a breakthrough Detectives think they may have made a breakthrough in their hunt for the murderer. achieve a breakthrough With further funding, the research team hope to be able to achieve a breakthrough. ADJECTIVES a big/major/ significant/important/technological/scientific/ historic breakthrough |
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informal to spend a lot of time in a particular place or with particular people |
with I don’t really know who she hangs out with. Where do the youngsters hang out? |
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informal to relax and do what you like |
After a long week of work, Sarah decided to let it all hang out at the party and danced like nobody was watching. After years of being reserved, she finally decided to let it all hang out and express her true feelings to him In the therapy session, she opened up and let it all hang out, discussing her deepest fears and insecurities |
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1- to be related to something or a cause of something but not in a way that you know about or understand exactly 2-to be about something: |
i'm not sure what he does exactly - it's something to do with finance. It might have something to do with the way it's made. 2- My question has to do with last week’s assignment. have/be nothing to do with somebody/something : He said that he had nothing to do with the decision. As I said, it’s nothing to do with me. That’s got nothing to do with you. |
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It's because they feel like rubber in my mouth
I can't stand touching wool.
I find mushrooms disgusting.
Just looking at it makes me feel uneasy.
I hardly ever go....
I kind of like the smell of...
It makes me feel tense/she feels tense driving at night
The site of someone doing that makes me...
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I just want the rest of the team to get a general sense of it
Take turn(s) What is the likely relationship between them?
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Making a request Is there any chance you could...? Would you be willing to...? Do you think it would be possible (for you) to...? |
Refusing request I don't know how much I'd be able to... Sorry but I wouldn't be comfortable doing I don't mean to be rude, but.. I'm kind of uncomfortable with.. |
I'd be happy to help out Yes I can probably manage that He ignors our excuses
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Iman whose work gets on my nerves.. Her goal is to show that there is power in quiet You don't have to be an extrovert to be heard |
Some think that... I prefer cozy chats to group settings |
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knowing a lot |
knowledgeable about: Graham’s very knowledgeable about wines. The sales staff are all knowledgeable, helpful, and cheerful. Earley is a diligent reporter, knowledgeable in the field of espionage |
es‧pi‧o‧nage /ˈespiənɑːʒ/ noun [uncountable] SYN spying, → spy a campaign of industrial espionage against his main rival |
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skills needed: passionate about your job be good with words be relatable presentable |
pre‧sent‧a‧ble /prɪˈzentəbəl/ adjective tidy and attractive enough to be seen or shown to someone She’s a presentable young woman. Let’s tidy up and make the house a bit more presentable. I must go and make myself presentable. |
prezənt/ ● S2 W2 adjective پرزنت OPP absent Foreign observers were present at the elections the present situation of the millions of people who... At the present time we have no explanation for this prɪˈzent/ ●●● verb پریزنت GIVE: She was presented with an award. DESCRIPTION: The artist was determined to present an accurate picture. ˈprezənt/ ● noun پرزنت SYN gift I’m looking for a present for Mark. |
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I agree with you |
we see eye to eye on that I share your view |
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to like someone very much, especially when you have known them for a long time and almost feel love for them |
be fond of somebody
I'm really fond of animals Joe’s quite fond of her, isn’t he? Over the years we’ve grown very fond of each other. |
I have a lifelong interest in animal |
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typically refers to finding a partner with whom one intends to spend their entire life, often in the context of a committed romantic relationship or marriage. It implies a deep and lasting connection with a significant other, emphasizing the idea of a lifelong companion and support system. This term is often used to express the desire for a long-term, enduring partnership with someone. |
"I feel incredibly lucky to have found my soulmate - someone who I truly believe is my mate for life." Penguins are known for their monogamous behavior, often finding a mate for life. Once they pair up, they remain faithful to each other, working together to raise their young." |
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Maybe a zebra crossing could be placed here? SYN crosswalk American English → pelican crossing |
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difference between is preferred
and required |
convey different levels of necessity or desirability."Is preferred" indicates a choice or option that is favored or desired, but not mandatory. It suggests that one option is more favorable than others, but it does not imply an absolute necessity."Required," on the other hand, indicates something that is necessary, obligatory, or mandated. It suggests that a certain action, condition, or qualification is essential and must be fulfilled.In summary, "is preferred" suggests a preference or desirability, while "required" indicates a mandatory or essential condition.For example: "Wearing formal attire is preferred for the event" suggests that it is the recommended choice, but not mandatory. "A college degree is required for this position" indicates that having a college degree is mandatory and essential for the position. |
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ef‧fort /efərt/ noun PHYSICAL/MENTAL ENERGY [uncountable] ATTEMPT [countable, uncountable] make an(real) effort---verb |
Frank put a lot of effort into the party. Learning to speak another language takes effort. somebody’s effort(s) to do something Tom’s efforts to stop smoking haven’t been very successful. effort at Further efforts at negotiation have broken down. despite somebody’s efforts Despite all our efforts we lost the game 1–0. easy:Alexei rose to his feet with a single effortless movement. |
futile Doctors knew that any effort to save his life would be futile. futilful her efforts were fruitfu futiless all my efforts to buy a house was fruitless. a concerted effort It will take a concerted effort to change the culture of binge-drinking in the country. |
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someone who takes food, drink, or other things from other people, without giving anything in return – used to show disapproval |
This man is just a freeloader. I've had enough of freeloaders. The freeloaders are leaving a bad impression on the public, making it hard for those who genuinely need the government's help. |
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"Alone" is adjective [not before noun], adverb: can be a physical state of being without others around in everyday English, people often say by yourself or on your own rather than alone: She lives by herself/on her own. the noun of alone is :sol‧i‧tude /ˈsɑːlɪtuːd/ noun [uncountable] and loneliness |
alone together Then father and son were alone together. all alone Charles couldn't leave Dad to face it all alone. felt so alone He had never felt so alone. |
in solitude Carl spent the morning in solitude. the solitude of her house on the lake isolation and loneliness. |
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demonstrate |
*she demonstrates me the best way =she demonstrate the best way |
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Try not to be irritated when... Remember it's never a waste of time to.... It's tricky to...but I'm sure you'll be fine. Don't underestimate your ability to...
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this question revealed that... Our question about... shows... Someone who... would be a... we thought This question would....but it didn't
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to control the direction a vehicle is going, for example by turning a wheel |
/stɪə $ stɪr/
He was steering with only one hand. steer for/towards etc Steer towards the left. |
to guide the way a situation develops, by influencing people’s ideas or actions steer somebody to something He managed to steer his colleagues to a compromise. |
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Karen smiled with enthusiasm at the car-like steering wheel of the boat. |
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an alternative way to phrase: What impacts does it have on what the people are doing?" |
what impacts is it having on what the people are doing? |
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1) o‧ver‧see /ˌəʊvəˈsiː/ verb (past tense oversaw /-ˈsɔː $ -ˈsɒː/, past participle overseen /-ˈsiːn/) 2)turn to somebody/something phrasal verb |
1) A team leader was appointed to oversee the project. 2)I don’t know who to turn to. Many people here are turning to solar power. turn to drink/crime/drugs addicts who turn to crime to finance their habit I did enjoy being the person they turned to for help |
this people helps build a good relationship has known you for so long that you have built total trust(not build a trust) quietly keeps an eye on you and is willing to listen whenever you want to talk |
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o think carefully about the possible results of something |
think something ↔ through phrasal verb The policy has not been thought through properly. It’s my fault. I didn’t think it through. I need time to think things through. think through what/how People need time to think through what the changes will mean for them. |
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a drug that stops you feeling pain |
(also anesthetic American English) /ˌænəsˈθetɪk◂/ ●○○ noun under anaesthetic The operation will have to be done under anaesthetic (=using anaesthetic). Eye surgery is often performed using a local anaesthetic (=one that only affects a particular area of your body). You will need to have a general anaesthetic (=one that makes you completely unconscious). |
an‧aes‧the‧si‧a (also anesthesia American English) /ˌænəsˈθiːziə $ -ʒə/ noun [uncountable] 1 the use of anaesthetics in medicine 2 the state of being unable to feel pain Operations were carried out under light anaesthesia. Nine patients had the procedure under local anaesthesia. total anaesthesia |
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to be more important or valuable than something else |
out‧weigh /aʊtˈweɪ/ ●○○ verb [transitive] The benefits of the scheme outweigh the disadvantages. • For frequent long-distance callers, the difficulties may be outweighed by the savings Nevertheless, he says, the legend outweighs mere facts. |
با این وجود، او میگوید، افسانه بر واقعیتهای صرف برتری دارد. |
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trick1 /trɪk/ ●●● S3 noun [countable] Pretending he doesn’t remember is an old trick of his. a dirty/rotten/mean trick |
trick2 ●●● S3 verb [transitive] She knew she’d been tricked, but it was too late. trick somebody into doing something He claimed he was tricked into carrying drugs. trick somebody out of something The corporation was tricked out of $20 million |
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benefit# drawback prosw#cons advantage #disadvantage strength# weakness merit#demwrit upside# downside |
the main benefit is (that) a /another plus/minus is (that) the downside is (that) one/the tricky issue is (that) it gives the company /us/you/ me the advantage of(.. ing verb) /i'd be/I'm concerned (that) the upside is (that) one/ another potential problem is (that) on the one hand ...on the other hand |
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team work collocations negative aspects draw attention to possible negative consequences a red team doesn't weigh the pros and cons, balancing strengths and weaknesses, as such honestly essesses a project and points out problem areas |
you've seen for yourself that they need to be valid points that have been thought through carefully "Too many cooks spoiled the broth' |
"Too many cooks spoiled the broth' |
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after the verb:I enjoyed myself at the party after noun/pronoun: I myself shoud determine the future the employees themselves decide what time they start and finish work the gov itself has increased the price. at the end of the clause for some emphasis: you and your brother should be able to do the job yourselves |
everyone's excited and congratulating themselves on how great it's going to be I've been on a red team myself and it wasn't much fun you've seen for yourself that.. the other team can't do that by itself |
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co-education single sex education in segregated school |
single sex education in segregated school |
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arriving or done late adjective formal |
Do please forgive this tardy reply. He’s been tardy three times this semester. tardy in people who are tardy in paying their bills |
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an amusing use of a word or phrase that has two meanings, or of words that have the same sound but different meanings SYN play on words |
forgive/excuse/pardon the pun (=used to show you know you are making a pun) no pun intended (=used to show you do not mean to make a joke about something) The clergy prey (no pun intended) on bereaved families. • "Seven days without food makes one weak'' is a pun on the words "week'' and "weak'', and also on the different meanings of "one''. He made a pun on it for the title of his report |
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dominate(verb) The industry is domindated by five multinational companies. The company dominated the market for years he had dominated the conversation The manager is dominating the team meeting |
adj The dominant political party won the election She has a dominant personality in the group Dominant species in the ecosystem dominant voice |
noun Her dominance in the field is unquestionable dominance of the continuing dominance of the army in Uganda political/economic/cultural etc dominance the economic and political dominance of Western countries The dictator maintained a tight domination over the country |
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difference between subjective and objective |
In summary: Subjective is based on personal opinions and feelings. Objective is based on facts, data, and observable reality. Subjective statements cannot be conclusively proven or disproven. Objective statements can be verified through evidence and measurement. The key distinction is that subjective information arises from an individual's mind, while objective information exists independently of any one person's perspective. Understanding this difference is crucial for critically evaluating information and distinguishing facts from opinions. |
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collocations for teamwork the listener quietly keeps an eye on you and is willing to listen whenever you want to talk. the fixer demonstrates and amazing ability to solv problems the organizer knows your schedule, wants to oversee arrangements and act as a kind of boss. |
the reporter helps build a good relationship in the group by shaving whatever you do together. the memorizer takes on the responsibility of reminding you of everything, including what you said and did in the past. the teacher is the one you turn to for help who assists you by giving advice. they can even steer you away from trouble |
the long timer has known you for so long that you've built total trust the joker enables you to see the funny side of life and contributes a lot to your happiness |
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fab‧ric /ˈfæbrɪk/ ●●○ noun cloth ( /klɒθ )used for making clothes, curtains etc SYN material our new range of fabrics and wallpapers cotton/silk/synthetic etc fabric |
the fabric of a society is its basic structure, way of life, relationships, and traditions The country’s social fabric is disintegrating. |
fab‧ri‧cate / verb [transitive] The police were accused of fabricating evidence. In everyday English, people usually say make something up:They accused him of making the whole thing up. |
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leath‧er /ˈleðə $ -ər/ ●●● W3 noun elegant leather boots Adjective:Leathery |
Denim Skirt a mix of 80% wool and 20% man-made fibres . a pure wool skirt |
pure silk stockings |
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I find it disgusting...(personal opinion)
it's because they feel like...
it's more enjoyable than eating them
it's so satisfying...
popping bubble wrap
I find the feel of it really irritating
just looking at it makes me feel tense and uneasy |
this might be bizarre but I think the smell is fabulous
I hardly ever go on
it reminds me of my childhood
I kind of like the smell of gasoline
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crows aren't creepy, they are impressive. it looks stunning
The site of someone coming makes me
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There is a lot of uncertainty
i have a Lifelong interest in animal.
practical experience
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signs of bad Health
I'm able to work year-round and on weekends.
my goals are to expand my knowledge and experience
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which job would you like to have the most? |
wich job would you be the best at? |
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