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63 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Viability |
The probability that a genotype survives from fertilisation to reproductive age |
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Absolute fitness |
Its value is independent of the fitness of other genotypes |
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Relative fitness |
Fitness value id expressed relative to another genotype |
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Relative fitness representative |
w, when w=1 then the genotype has the maximum survival ability |
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Relative fitness wrt A1A1 homozygote |
w11 = W11/W11 w12 = W12/W11 w22 = W22/W11 |
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Selection coefficient (s) |
Expressed as reduction in fitness relative to the best genotype, s = 1- w |
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Higher the selection coefficient |
Stronger the selection pressure against that particular genotype |
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Higher the selection coefficient |
Stronger the selection pressure against that particular genotype |
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Negative selection |
Alleles that lower the fitness |
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Higher the selection coefficient |
Stronger the selection pressure against that particular genotype |
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Negative selection |
Alleles that lower the fitness |
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Positive selection |
Alleles that increase fitness |
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Higher the selection coefficient |
Stronger the selection pressure against that particular genotype |
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Negative selection |
Alleles that lower the fitness |
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Positive selection |
Alleles that increase fitness |
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Balancing selection |
When selection favors the heterozygotes (heterozygote advantage) at the expense of homozygotes |
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Higher the selection coefficient |
Stronger the selection pressure against that particular genotype |
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Negative selection |
Alleles that lower the fitness |
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Positive selection |
Alleles that increase fitness |
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Balancing selection |
When selection favors the heterozygotes (heterozygote advantage) at the expense of homozygotes |
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Frequency dependent selection |
Fitness of a genotype depends on its frequency within the population |
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Higher the selection coefficient |
Stronger the selection pressure against that particular genotype |
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Negative selection |
Alleles that lower the fitness |
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Positive selection |
Alleles that increase fitness |
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Balancing selection |
When selection favors the heterozygotes (heterozygote advantage) at the expense of homozygotes |
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Frequency dependent selection |
Fitness of a genotype depends on its frequency within the population |
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Density dependent selection |
Fitnesses are functions of the population size |
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Higher the selection coefficient |
Stronger the selection pressure against that particular genotype |
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Negative selection |
Alleles that lower the fitness |
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Positive selection |
Alleles that increase fitness |
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Balancing selection |
When selection favors the heterozygotes (heterozygote advantage) at the expense of homozygotes |
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Frequency dependent selection |
Fitness of a genotype depends on its frequency within the population |
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Density dependent selection |
Fitnesses are functions of the population size |
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Negative frequency dependent selection |
Relative fitness of a genotype is high when it is rare and low when it is common |
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Positive frequency dependent selection |
Fitness of an allele or a genotype increases as its frequency increases |
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Genetic Drift |
The random change in allele frequencies simply as a result of chance due to sampling error from one generation to next in a finite population |
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Genetic Drift |
The random change in allele frequencies simply as a result of chance due to sampling error from one generation to next in a finite population |
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Effect of genetic drift |
Minimal in large populations whereas maximum in small ones |
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Genetic Drift |
The random change in allele frequencies simply as a result of chance due to sampling error from one generation to next in a finite population |
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Effect of genetic drift |
Minimal in large populations whereas maximum in small ones |
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Genetic Drift aroses b/c |
Founder effect and bottleneck effect |
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Genetic Drift |
The random change in allele frequencies simply as a result of chance due to sampling error from one generation to next in a finite population |
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Effect of genetic drift |
Minimal in large populations whereas maximum in small ones |
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Genetic Drift aroses b/c |
Founder effect and bottleneck effect |
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Bottleneck effect |
Population drastically reduces to a significantly smaller size in a short period of time |
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Genetic Drift |
The random change in allele frequencies simply as a result of chance due to sampling error from one generation to next in a finite population |
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Effect of genetic drift |
Minimal in large populations whereas maximum in small ones |
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Genetic Drift aroses b/c |
Founder effect and bottleneck effect |
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Bottleneck effect |
Population drastically reduces to a significantly smaller size in a short period of time |
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Founder effect |
A new population develops by a few members of the original large population |
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Genetic Drift |
The random change in allele frequencies simply as a result of chance due to sampling error from one generation to next in a finite population |
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Effect of genetic drift |
Minimal in large populations whereas maximum in small ones |
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Genetic Drift aroses b/c |
Founder effect and bottleneck effect |
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Bottleneck effect |
Population drastically reduces to a significantly smaller size in a short period of time |
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Founder effect |
A new population develops by a few members of the original large population |
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Mutations are |
Random, non-directional and non-adaptive |
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Genetic Drift |
The random change in allele frequencies simply as a result of chance due to sampling error from one generation to next in a finite population |
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Effect of genetic drift |
Minimal in large populations whereas maximum in small ones |
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Genetic Drift aroses b/c |
Founder effect and bottleneck effect |
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Bottleneck effect |
Population drastically reduces to a significantly smaller size in a short period of time |
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Founder effect |
A new population develops by a few members of the original large population |
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Mutations are |
Random, non-directional and non-adaptive |
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Adaptive mutation |
Under some circumstances E. coli are able to mutate in a directed way |
