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27 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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the emergence of numerous species from a common ancestor introduced into an envitonment, presenting a diversity of new opportunities and problems
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adaptative radiation
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alternative versions of a gene
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allele
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how often an allele occurs or is present in a population of species
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allele frequency
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a mode of speciation induced than the ancestral population becomes segregated by a geographic barrier
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allopatric speciation
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the ability of natural selection to maintain diversity in a population
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balanced polymorphism
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the study of the past and present distribution of the species
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biogeography
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genetic drift resulting from the reduction of a population, typically by a natural disaster, such that the surviving population is no longer genetically representative of the original population
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bottleneck effect
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a pattern of evolutionary change that produces biological diversity by building one or more new species from a parent species that continues to exist; also called branching evolution
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cladogenesis
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The investigation and comparison of the structures of different animals.
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comparative anatomy
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natural selection that favors individuals at one end of the phenotypic range
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directional selection
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all the changes that have transformed life on Earth from its earliest beginnings to the diversity that characterizes it today
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evolution
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a preserved remnant of impression of an organism that lived in the past
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fossil
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genetic drift attributable to colonization by a limited number of individuals from a parent population
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founder effect
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the loss or gain of alleles in a population due to the migration of fertile individuals or gametes between populations
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gene flow
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the total aggregate of genes in a population at any one time
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gene pool
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changes in the gene pool of a small population due to chance
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genetic drift
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a condition describing a nonevolving population (one that is in genetic equilibrium)
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Hardy-Weinburg Rule
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a change in the gene pool of a population from generation to generation
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microevolution
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a rare change in the DNA of a gene ultimately creating genetic diversity
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mutation
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differential success in the reproduction of different phenotypes resulting from the interaction of organisms with their environment. Evolution occurs when natural selection causes changes in relative frequencies of alleles in the gene pool
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natural selection
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a group of individuals of one species that live in a particular geographic area
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population
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a special case of polymorphism based on the distinction between the secondary sex characteristics of males and females
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sexual dimorphism
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the origin of new species in evolution
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speciation
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group whose members posses similar anatomical characteristics and have the ability to interbreed
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species
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natural selection that favors intermediate variants by acting against extreme phenotypes
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stabilizing selection
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a mode of speciation occurring as a result of radical change in the genome of a subpopulation, reproductivity isolating the subpopulation from the parent population
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sympatric speciation
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Lyell’s idea that geological processes have not changed throughout Earth’s history
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theory of uniformity
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