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20 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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biogeography
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Scientific study of the world distribution of species
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Darwins book
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the origin of species
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population
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all individuals of the same species that are occypying a specified area
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gene pool
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all genotypes in a population
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allele frequency
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for a given gene locus, the relative abundances of each kind of allele among all the individuals of a population
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genetic equilibrium
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in theory, a state in which a population is not evolving
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Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium
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- large populations
- no mutations - no immagration/ emigration - no natural selection |
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gene flow
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flow of alleles from one population to the next
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3 types of natural selection
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- directional selection
- stabilizing selection - disrubtive selection |
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genetic drift
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change in allele frequencies over the generations due to chance alone
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founder effect
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where a small number of individuals start a new population
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Prezygotic Isolating Mechanisms
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before fertilization
- Temporal- species mate at diff times - Behavioral - Spatial - Mechanical - Gametic |
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Postzygotic Isolating Mechanisms
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after fertilization
- sterile |
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speciation
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formation of a daughter species from a population or subpopulation of a parent species by way of microevolutionary processes
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allopatric speciation
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bounder seperating 2 species ( Isthmus of Panama and fish)
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sympatric speciation
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two species living in the same are but cannot reproduce (polyploidy)
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polypoidy
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having three or more of each type of chromosome
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parapatric
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has a hybrid zone that often gives rise to new species
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conserved
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held with little change over long periods of time (sharks and alligators)
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biological vs. morphological concept of species
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individuals that look the same should be the same species
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