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14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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directional selection |
selection favoring one extreme or the other |
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stabilizing selection |
the average is selected for extremes selected against creates more average individuals |
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disruptive selection |
selects for both extremes selects against average average doesn't change |
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adaptations |
trait/group of traits that increases fitness |
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experimentation (testing methods) |
controlled in lab ex. jumping spider and tephritid fly |
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observational study (testing methods) |
ex. snakes and behavioral thermoregulation |
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comparative method (testing methods) |
ex. testi size of fruit bats and flying foxes |
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method of phylogenetically independent contrasts |
taking into account how often a trait evolved 1. determine phylogeny for pop/species 2. determine sister species and place on graph 3. place lines at 0 (dont change slope or length) |
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phenotypic plasticity |
individuals with identical genotypes can exhibit different phenotypes in different environments ex. daphnia phototactic behavior in presence of fish/no fish |
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sexual selection |
selective pressures that allow an individual to be better at having offspring b/c they are better at getting mates |
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sexual dimorphism |
different traits being expressed by males and females of the same species |
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parental investment |
energy and time invested in constructing and caring for offspring
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large investment parent |
quality resource and time constraints success restrained |
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small investment parent |
quantity this parent's success is constrained by # of successful matings has strongest affect of sexual selection |
