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37 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Hypothesis |
Testable statement about the natural world |
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Theory |
A well-substantiated explanation ofsome aspect of the naturalworld
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Biological Evolution |
Inheritable change in a species over time |
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Darwin |
"Father of Evolution" Traveled to the Galapagos |
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Hutton & Lyell |
Believed that Earth is millions of years old & shaped by geographic forces. Continues being shaped today. |
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Lamarck |
Believed that organisms acquired traits from use or disuse |
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Malthus |
Hypothesized that human population dynamics shaped resource availability |
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Artificial Selection |
Nature provides variation, humans select variation found useful |
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Natural Selection |
Individuals better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully |
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Inherited Variation |
Variations that are inherited through genes (gametes) |
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Fitness |
ability of an individual to survive & reproduce |
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Adaptation |
Inherited characteristics that increase fitness |
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Vestigial Organ |
Structure that serves no useful purpose in modern day organism |
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Homologous Structures |
Structures that have different mature forms, but develop from the same embryonic tissue |
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Principle of Common Descent |
All speciesare derivedfrom common ancestors and have descended over time with modifications due to natural selection
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Geographic Distribution |
Similar, but distantly related organismsliving under similar ecological conditions/pressure (natural selection) developsimilar adaptations
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Chordates |
Animals with backbones |
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Mutation |
Change in genetic material. Responsible for all genetic variation. |
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Gene Pool |
All genes present in a population
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Relative Frequency |
number of times that the allele occurs ina gene pool, compared with the number of times other alleles for the same geneoccur
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Genetic Drift |
Allele frequencies change due to chance |
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Species |
Groupof interbreeding individuals capable ofproducing fertileoffspring
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Interbreeding |
Matewith closely related organism in the same closed population
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Speciation |
Formation of a new species |
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Mechanisms that lead to reproductive isoloation |
Behavioral, Geographic, & Temporal Isolation |
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Convergent Evolution |
Two different groups becomesimilar dueto the pressures of natural selection
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Divergent Evolution |
Species that evolve dissimilar adaptations due tothe pressures of natural selection into two different species
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Endosymbiotic Theory |
Theory that suggests eukaryotic cells derived from several prokaryotic cells |
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Evidence supporting the endosymbiotic theory |
1. Ribosomes similar to bacteria 2. Reproduce like bacteria 3. Similar DNA to bacteria (mitochondria/chloroplast) |
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Two ways to date fossils |
Relative dating & Radioactive dating |
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Taxonomy |
Study of classification |
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Bionomial Nomenclature |
Two-name naming system |
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Taxon |
Each level of the classification system |
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Scientific name |
Genus species |
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Linnaeus |
Father of Taxonomy |
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Darwin's evidence for evolution |
Fossil record, homologous structures, geographic distribution, embryonic similarities |
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Evolution by natural selection impacts biodiversity by: |
Increasing biodiversity |
