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38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Heredity
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The passing of traits from parents to offspring.
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Chromosomes
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A doubled rod of condensed chromatin; contains DNA that carries genetic information.
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Gene
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The set of information that controls a trait; a segment of DNA on a chromosome that codes for a specific trait
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Allele
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The different forms of a gene.
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Dominant
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An allele whose trait always shows up in the organism when the allele is present.
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Recessive
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An allele that is masked when a dominant allele is present.
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Codominance (blending)
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A condition in which neither of two alleles of a gene is dominant or recessive.
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Heterozygous (hybrid)
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Having two different alleles for a trait.
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Homozygous (pure)
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Having two identical alleles for a trait.
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Genotype
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An organism’s genetic makeup, or allele combinations.
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Phenotype
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An organism’s physical appearance, or visible traits
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Genetics
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The scientific study of heredity.
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Pedigree
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A chart or “family tree” that tracks which members of a family have a particular trait.
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Karyotypre
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A picture of all the chromosomes in a cell arranged in pairs.
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Genome
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All of the DNA in one cell of an organism.
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Clone
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An organism that is genetically identical to the organism from which it was produced.
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Gene therapy
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The insertion of working copies of a gene into the cells of a person with a genetic disorder in an attempt to correct the disorder.
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Purebred
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The offspring of many generations that have the same traits.
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Punnett square
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A chart that shows all the possible combinations of alleles that can result from a genetic cross.
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Sex chromosomes (male vs. female)
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X and Y.
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Genetic disorders
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An abnormal condition that a person inherits through genes or chromosomes.
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Sex-linked genes/traits
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A gene that is carried on the X or Y chromosome.
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DNA
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Deoxyribonucleic acid; the genetic material that carries information about an organism and is passed from parent to offspring.
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RNA
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Ribonucleic acid; a nucleic acid that plays an important role in the production of proteins.
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Ribosome
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A small grain—like structure in the cytoplasm of a cell where proteins are made.
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Transfer RNA, t-RNA
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RNA in the cytoplasm that carries an amino acid to the ribosome and adds it to the growing protein chain.
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Messagner RNA, m-RNA
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RNA that copies the coded message from DNA in the nucleus and carries the message into the cytoplasm.
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Amino acids
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A small molecule that is linked chemically to other amino acids to form proteins.
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Evolution
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The gradual change in a species over time.
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Adapation
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A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce.
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Variation
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Any difference between individuals of the same species.
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Homologous structures
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Body parts that are structurally similar in related species; provide evidence that the structures were inherited from a common ancestor.
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Theory of natural selection
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The process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce than other members of the same species.
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Species
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A group of similar organisms that can mate with each other and produce offspring that can also mate and reproduce.
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Why is DNA so important?
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It determines the genetic make-up of a person.
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How are ribosomes involved in protein synthesis?
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The amino acids are assemled in the ribosomes, making proteins.
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Who is Gregor Mendel?
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Father of Genetics. Discovered that traits could be hidden and then reappear in later generations.
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Who are Watson and Crick? What did they do?
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Discovered the double helix shape of DNA (picture.)
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