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28 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Allopatric speciation |
litt;e gene flow |
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parapatric speciation |
moderate gene flow |
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sympatric speciation |
highest gene flow |
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reinforcement |
some level of post zygotic isolation between populations(lowers fitness of individuals produced), then at secondary contact, permitting isolation finishes out isolation |
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reproductive character displacement |
-due to allopatry, species tend to develop mating mating traits for individuals of the same species and avoid other species when put together -divergence of mating characters in zones of sympatry but not allopatry -divergence of characters are in similar areas but not in different areas |
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ecological opportunity |
refers to environmental conditions that both permit the persistence of a lineage within a community, as well as generate divergent natural selection within that lineage.
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adaptive radiations |
-evolutionary divergence of members of a single phylogenetic line into a variety of different adaptive forms -a process in which organisms diversify rapidly into a multitude of new forms, particularly when a change in the environment makes new resources available, creates new challenges, or opens new environmental niches. |
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(anolis lizards) islands with more habitat diversity have ____ ____. |
more forms |
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on each island, there are lizards in similar habitats w/ ________ morphologies. |
convergent |
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taxonomic diversity is determined by ____ and ___. |
speciation and extinction |
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earth originated around ____ billion years ago |
4.5 |
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cyanobacteria originated around ___ billion years ago |
2.5 |
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bacteria originated around __ billion years ago |
73 |
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Archaean Era |
3.6 billion years ago; lasted 3600 million years; origin of life, diversification of prokaryotes, photosynthesis generates oxygen; aerobic respiration |
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Proterozoic Era |
2.5 billion years ago; lasted 2500 million years; earliest eukaryotes, multicellular animals form |
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Paleozoic Era |
-543 million years ago -involves cambrian, ordovician, silurian, devonian, permian |
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three major groups on the phylogeny of life |
domain eubacteria domain archaea domain eukaryota |
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cambrian period |
marine animals diversify, first appearance of most animal phyla and many classes within a short interval of time, diverse algae |
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over a __ million year period animals diversify until nearly every group of animals is represented |
40 |
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challenges of the fossil record |
-most organisms consumed by animals or decomposers -sediments form in any one place episodically -fossils (rock) must persist for millions of years -rock must be accessible to palentologists |
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fossil record best for |
marine invertebrates (hard calcareous skeletons), especially living in shallow water |
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fossil record is worst for |
organisms without hard skeletal parts, fragile organisms, terrestrial organisms |
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cambrian explosion |
543-500 million years ago, a tremendous burst of animal evolution occurs in the oceans. All of today's animal phyla originate in or before this |
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burgess shale |
-520 million years ago -an impressive fossil find dating to the cambrian period -this discovery provides a unique glimpse into the true range of diversity of early forms and their ecosystems |
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homeotic genes |
can help determine patterns of homology across diverse body plans |
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devonian period |
409 million years; diversification of bony fishes; origins of amphibians, ferns, seed plants, insects; mass extinction late in period |
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cretaceous period |
most continents separated; continuous radiation of dinosaurs; continued diversity of mammals, birds, angiosperms; mass extinctions at the end |
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Cenozoic- |
-continents move in modern positions, extinction of large mammals and birds, evolution of humans |
