Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
38 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Special Creation |
life on earth was created by a special creator or force |
|
|
Theistic Evolution |
spontaneous generation of molecules and cells that are controlled by a creator or force |
|
|
Panspermia |
life came to earth from elsewhere in the universe |
|
|
spontaneous generation through chemosynthesis |
spontaneous generation of molecules and early cells followed by evolution of higher life forms from early cells |
|
|
evolution |
process of genetic change that occurs in a population over time and is effected by biotic and abiotic factors |
|
|
adaptation |
structure, behaviour, physiological process that helps organisms survive and reproduce in a certain environment |
|
|
mimicry |
structural adaptation in which harmless species resemble harmful species |
|
|
variations |
structural, functional, or physiological differences in species in a population |
|
|
natural selection |
survival of the fittest |
|
|
selective pressure |
environment requires species to have certain characteristics to survive |
|
|
artificial selection |
when humans apply selective pressure on species to modify desirable traits (biochemistry) |
|
|
4 theories supporting evolution |
Genetic analysis fossil records human ape similarities comparative anatomy |
|
|
5 mechanisms of evolution |
isolation climate mutations meiosis sexual reproduction and variations |
|
|
2 supporting factors of Darwin's theory |
all species came from previous life forms natural selection (survival of the fittest) |
|
|
big bang |
13 billion |
|
|
formation of earth |
4.6 billion |
|
|
first living things |
3.6 billion |
|
|
mass extinction |
65 million |
|
|
chimps and humans separate |
5 million |
|
|
appearance of modern humans |
200 000 million |
|
|
mutations |
genetic information is modified |
|
|
Charles Darwin |
1809-1882 Boat was called the HMS Beagle explored the Galapagos islands studied finches and mocking birds published book: Origin of Species in 1859 |
|
|
Carl Linnaeus |
1707-1778 believed in the theory of special creation wrote the book Systema Naturae in 1753 latin naming system |
|
|
George Leclerc de Buffon |
1701-1788 believed that the earth was much older than 6000 years old, had to be at least 75 000 years old believed that humans and apes were related wrote the series Histoire Naturelle in 1749-1804 |
|
|
George Cuvier |
1769-1832 new species were created after catastrophic floods lead to paleontology |
|
|
Charles Lyell |
1797-1875 wrote Principles of Geology in 1830 Cuvier was wrong natural events happened and shaped the earth |
|
|
Jean Baptiste Chevalier de Lamarck |
1744-1829 believed same as Darwin, that species were always evolving to survive better in given environments however he believed that it was mainly due to inheritance organisms would become better adapted to their environment until they reached perfection |
|
|
how are fossils created? |
when organisms become buried in sediment that is eventually converted into rock |
|
|
biogeography |
study of geographical distribution of species Australia: evolved in isolation New Zealand: evolved in isolation |
|
|
Aflred Wallace |
1823-1913 he came to the same conclusions as Darwin |
|
|
archaeopteryx |
link between birds and reptiles |
|
|
acantostega |
links between fish and amphibians |
|
|
analogous structures |
no common evolutionary origin but similar functions |
|
|
vestigial |
still have but dont use anymore |
|
|
embryology |
determine evolutionary relationships |
|
|
phylogenetic tree |
pattern of descent |
|
|
divergent |
two or more species trace back to one common ancestor, common ancestor evolved so much it turned into two different species |
|
|
convergent evolution |
different species not related evolves similar traits |
