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65 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what does going extinct mean? |
Disappearing completely from Earth |
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What do the colouring and structure of the stick insect help do? |
Camouflage the insect so it blends with the environment |
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Why do camouflaged individuals have better chances at surviving and reproducing? |
Because predators have a hard time distinguishing them from the surrounding vegetation |
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What is an adaptation? |
A structure, behavior or physiological process that helps and organism survive and reproduce |
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What is camouflage an example of? |
Adaptation |
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What is an example of physiological adaptation? |
Hibernation |
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What is mimicry? |
When harmless organisms resemble harmful species in colouration or structure |
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How do adaptations develop? |
Adaptations are a result of gradual, accumulative changes that help an organism survive and reproduce |
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What are variations? |
Structural, functional or physiological differences between individuals |
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True or false:All variations become adaptations? |
False |
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What decides if a variation in an individual has a positive or negative effect? |
The environment |
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How many colour variations does the English peppered moth have? |
3 |
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When was the first known black moth found? |
1848 |
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in 1898, what percent of the moths were black? |
95% |
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Why do variations occur? |
Sexual reproduction resulting in a combination of 2 genes |
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What is a variety of genetic information in all individuals of the population called? |
Genetic variation |
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What are Mutations? |
Changes in the genetic material (DNA) of an organism |
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What type of variation provide new alleles in a species and are the only source of new genetic variation when inherited? |
Mutations |
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True or False: Some Mutations are helpful |
True |
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How can a Mutation be passed on to new generations? |
If the mutation alters the DNA in a gamete |
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Can mutations that seem to have no affect eventually help? |
Yes |
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What is a selective advantage? |
A genetic advantage of one organism over its competitors |
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What do selective advantages help? |
An organism survive the changing environmental conditions and reproduce |
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What is Natural selection? |
A process that results when the characteristics of a population of organisms change over many generations |
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Why does natural selection occur? |
Because individuals with certain inherited traits survive specific local environmental conditions and pass their alleles to their offspring |
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What must a species have if natural selection is to occur? |
Diversity |
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What is selective pressure? |
Environmental conditions that select for certain characteristics of individuals and select against other characteristics |
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Can Natural Selection anticipate change in the environment? |
No |
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What are the 3 things Natural Selection lacks? |
Will, purpose and Direction |
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What term is typically used when talking about Natural Selection? |
Fitness |
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What is Fitness? |
Fitness describes the contribution an individual makes to the gene pool of the next generation by producing offspring that survive long enough to reproduce. |
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What is selective breeding a form of? |
Artificial Selection |
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What is Biotechnology? |
The use of technology and organisms to produce useful products |
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What is the key difference between natural and artificial selection? |
Natural Selection-Environment Artificial Selection-Humans |
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What is a monoculture? |
Extensive plantings of the same varieties of a species over large expanses of land. |
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What do Gene Banks contain? |
Populations of early ancestors of modern plants |
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Before evolution, what force heavily supported theories? |
Religion |
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When did Georges-Louis Leclerc live? |
1707-1788 |
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What was the name of Georges-Louis Leclerc's book? |
Histoire Naturelle |
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What was Georges-Louis Leclerc's fame based off of? |
He was one of the first people to publicly challenge the idea that life forms are unchanging |
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Who speculated that apes and humans might have a common ancestor? |
Georges-Louis Leclerc |
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Who was the first person to say that the earth was older than 6000 years old? |
Georges-Louis Leclerc |
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What is a fossil? |
The preserved remains of a once-living organism |
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What are 4 ways a fossil can be preserved? |
Amber, Permafrost, Dry caves and Rock |
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When did Georges Cuvier live? |
(1769-1832) |
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What is Cuvier's biggest credit? |
Devolping the science of paleontology? |
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What is paleontology? |
The study of anvent life through the examination of fossils |
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What is a stratum? |
Layers of rock |
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What did Cuvier notice about deeper and shallower stratum? |
The deeper-older Shallower-newer |
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Who proposed the idea of catastrohpism? |
Cuvier |
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What is Catastrophism? |
The idea that Earth experienced many destructive natural events in the past, such as floods. These were called revolutions, wiping out species. This idea corresponded with his stratum findings |
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Who was credited for creating uniformitarianism? |
Charles Lyell |
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When did Charles Lyell live? |
(1797-1875) |
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What is uniformitarianism? |
A theory that Geological processes operated at the same rates in the past as they do today |
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When did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck Live? |
1744-1829 |
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What book did Jean-Baptiste Lamarck make? |
Philosophie Zoologique |
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What was Lamarck credited for creating? |
Inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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When did Charles Darwin live? |
1809-1882 |
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What theory did Charles Darwin create? |
Natural Selection |
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What are the 5 factors that cause evolutionary change? |
Mutation Gene flow Non-random mating Genetic drift Natural Selection |
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What is Gene flow? |
The net movement of alleles from one population to another due to the migration of individuals |
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What is non-random mating? |
Mating among individuals on the basis of mate selection for a particular phenotype or due to inbreeding |
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What is genetic drift? |
The change in frequencies of alleles due to chance events in a breeding population |
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What is the bottleneck effect? |
Changes in gene distribution that result from a rapid decrease in population size |
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What is the founder effect? |
A change in a gene pool that occurs when a few individuals start a new isolated population (islands) |
