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18 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Evolution
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a heritable change in the characteristics within a population from one generation to the next; the development of new types of organisms from preexisting types of organisms over time |
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Artificial Selection |
the selective breeding of organisms (by humans) for specific desirable characteristics |
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Natural Selection |
the process by which individuals that are better adapted to their environment survive and reproduce more successfully than less well adapted individuals do; a theory to explain the mechanism of evolution |
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Adaption |
the process of becoming adapted to an environment; an anatomical, physiological, or behavioral change that improves a population's ability to survive |
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Fossil |
the trace or remains of an organism that lived long ago, most commonly preserved in sedimentary rock |
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Homologous |
chromosomes that have the same sequence of genes, that have the same structure, and that pair during meiosis |
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Speciation |
the formation of new species as a result of evolution |
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Population Genetics |
a group of organisms of the same species that live in a specific geographical area and interbreed |
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Normal Distrubution |
a distribution of numerical data whose graph forms a bell-shaped curve that is symmetrical about the mean |
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Genetic Equilibrium |
the stability of gene frequencies in a population across generations |
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Reproductive Isolation
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the inability of members of a population to successfully interbreed with members of another population of the same or a related species |
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Subspecies |
a taxonomic classification below species that groups organisms that live in different geographical areas, differ morphologically from other populations of the species, but can interbreed with other populations of the species |
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Divergence |
the process or state of diverging. |
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Extinction |
the death of every member of a species |
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Genetic Flow |
the movement of genes into or out of a population due to interbreeding |
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Genetic Drift
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variation in the relative frequency of different genotypes in a small population, owing to the chance disappearance of particular genes as individuals die or do not reproduce. |
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Stabilizing Selection |
a type of natural selection in which the average form of a trait is favored and becomes more common |
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Disruptive Selection |
a type of natural selection in which two extreme forms of a trait are selected |
