Evolution

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1. According to Darwin's theory of natural selection, certain individuals leave more offspring on average than do other individuals. Their survival is due to....

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-possession of inherited adaptations that are well-suited to the environment.

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2. Which genetic mechanisms may have been responsible for a DNA nucleotide change between gorillas and humans?

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Mutations

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3. Why are donkeys and horses considered to be different species?

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Offspring of donkey and horses are sertile.

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4. Mice and humans produce a protein with similar function that have 27 amino acids that are different out of a chain of 146 amino acids. What does this evidence suggest?

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Mice and humans are more alike than they are different.

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5. In which era do you live?

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Cenozoic

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6. Which of the following statements describe what all members of a population share?

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They are members of the same species.

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7. What is adaptive radiation?

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The evolution of new species due to adaptions to new environments.

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8. The Galapagos finch species are an excellent example of

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Adaptive radiation

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9. The combined alleles of all the individuals that make up a population is the population’s..

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Gene pool

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10. According to Figure 14-1, the correct chronological order of organisms as they developed are _____.

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Prokaryotes, jawed fish, dinosaurs, birds.

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11. According to Figure 14-1, what was the earliest form of multicellular life on Earth?

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Invertebrates (no back bones)

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12. A factor that could keep species separate is

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a. reproduction at different times of year.

b. incompatible reproductive structures.

c. different mating behaviors.

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13. Examples of fossils include preserved

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-Eggs

-Footprints

-Body parts

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14. What is speciation?

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The evolution of a new species.

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15. A pattern in which species experience long, stable periods interrupted by brief periods of rapid evolutionary change is called

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Punctuation equilibrium.

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16. In humans, the pelvis and femur, or thigh bone, are involved in walking. In whales, the pelvis and femur shown in Figure 14-1 are

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Vestigial structures.

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17. What is the possible risk of the overuse of antibiotics that is explained by microevolution?

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Bacteria will become resistant to antibiotics.

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18. What is true about a human’s appendix and the legs of a snake?

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They are vestigial structures.

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19. What is the difference between natural and artificial selection?

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Nature selects in natural selection.

Humans select in artificial selection

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20. The separation of populations by barriers such as rivers, mountains, or bodies of water is called

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Geographic isolation.

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21. The geological time scale eras are arranged in which correct order from most ancient to modern times?

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Precambrian, Paleozoic, Mesozoic, Cenozoic

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22. What is natural selection?

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A process by which individuals with inherited characteristics well-suited to the environment leave more offspring on average than other individuals.

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23. A change in the gene pool of a population due to chance is called

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Genetic drift.

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24. The species of finches that Charles Darwin found on the Galápagos Islands displayed different structural adaptations. One of the adaptations that Darwin noted was the

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Birds' different-shaped beaks.

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25. A single species that has evolved into several different forms that live in different ways has undergone

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Adaptive radiation.

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26. Which answer best shows an animal's adaptation to the tropical rain forest?

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Camouflage in a tree frog

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27. Which of the following is a correct statement about the relationship between natural selection and evolution?

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Natural selection is one mechanism of evolution

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28. How do fossils demonstrate evidence of evolution?

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They show that ancient species share similarities with species now on earth.

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29. Which of the following is the explanation of why bird wings and reptile forelegs are evidence of evolution?

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Homologous structures indicate a common ancestor.

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According to Darwin’s perspective, which of the following would more likely explain why the mara would be more similar to other South American mammals than it is to the rabbit?

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It shares a closer ancestor with the South American animals.

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31. Which of the following is biochemical evidence for evolution?

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Human hemoglobin is more similar to chimp hemoglobin than mouse hemoglobin.

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32. In certain environments, a greenish form of a caterpillar blends in with its surroundings better than a yellowish form of the same type of caterpillar. Therefore, the yellow caterpillar is eaten more often by birds than the green caterpillar. More of the green caterpillars become butterflies that produce more green caterpillars. The percentage of green caterpillars in the population grows. This is an example of

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Natural selection

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33. Whale flippers, bat wings, and cat legs are considered to be __________________ because they have the same skeletal parts, despite the fact that they have different functions.

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Homologous structures.

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34. Difference among members of the same species is known as

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Variation

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35. Natural selection tends to result in the success of

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Organisms with the same characteristics that most closely fit the specific current, local environment.

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36. The best measure of an organism’s biological fitness is

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Wether it produces healthy, fertile offspring.

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37. Members of one species cannot successfully interbreed and produce fertile offspring with members of other species. This idea is known as

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The biological species concept.

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38. Which is a barrier that can contribute to reproductive isolation and possible speciation?

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Timing, behavior and habitat.

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39. The evolution of the penguin’s wing from a wing suited for flying to a “flipper-wing” used for swimming is an example of

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Adaption of existing structures to new functions.

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40. Which of the following have been preserved as fossils?

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-Dinosaur footprints

-Insects preserved in Amber

-Petrified plant remains