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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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what did Darwin call evolution? |
descent with modification
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viewed species as fixed
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Aristotle
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Aristotle arranged organisms on a ladder of complexity called ___
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scala naturae
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came up with binomial naming system
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Linnaeus
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remains or traces of organisms from the past
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fossils
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superimposed layers of rock
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strata
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study of fossils
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paleontology
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studied strata and advocated catastrophism
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Cuvier
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said that Earth's geologic features could be explained by gradual mechanisms still operating today
(advocated gradualism) |
Hutton
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advocated uniformitarianism (change mechanisms are constant over time)
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Lyell
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proposed a mechanism for how life changes over time
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Lamarck
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Lamarck's 2 principles
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use and disuse
inheritance of acquired characteristics |
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parts of the body that are used extensively become larger and stronger, while parts that aren't used deteriorate.
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use and disuse
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organisms can pass modifications to their offspring
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inheritance of acquired characteristics
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said that organisms have an innate drive to become more complex
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Lamarck
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captain of HMS Beagle
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FitzRoy
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ship Darwin traveled on
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HMS Beagle
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animals Darwin studied on the Galapagos islands
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finches and mockingbirds
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inherited characteristics of organisms that enhance their survival and reproduction in specific environments
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adaptations
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individuals with certain inherited traits tend to survive and reproduce at higher rates than others because of those traits
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natural selection
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wrote a hypothesis nearly identical to Darwin's
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Wallace
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Darwin's book
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The Origin of Species
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3 observations about nature
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unity of life
diversity of life match between organism and environment |
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over ___% of all species that have ever lived are now extinct
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99
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selecting and breeding individuals that have desired traits
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artificial selection
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if all offspring survive and reproduce, you would say that this organism has ___
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overreproduced
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____ do not evolve, but the ____ does.
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individuals, population
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cut off mouse tails to disprove Lamarck's theory
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Weismann
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said that human suffering happens because of overreproduction
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Reverend Malthus
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determined the age of the earth
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Bishop Ussher
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how old did some theologians think the earth was?
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6000 years
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said that the earth is too hot to be more than 10,000 years old
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Lord Kelvin
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believed that there were two worlds - one detected by our senses and one made of perfect "forms"
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Plato
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evidence of a catastrophe (2 places)
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KT boundary
tombstone boundary |
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layer of ___ dust
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iridium
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Lyell's book
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Principles of Geology
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change in frequency of a certain characteristic over time
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microevolution
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R-selected aka...
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opportunistic population
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K-selected aka...
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equilibrial population
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name some characteristics of R-selected populations
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short maturation
short life high deathrate many, small offspring 1, early reproduction no parental care |
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name some characteristics of K-selected populations
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long maturation
long life low deathrate few, large offspring several, late reproductions extensive parental care |
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people that went to study Darwin's finches
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Peter and Rosemary Grant
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mating with other species
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hybridizing
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Darwin's 2 observations
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1. members of a population vary in traits
2. all species can produce more offspring than environment supports |
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said that there are many, unfixed ladders in nature
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Lamarck
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Lamarck's 3 correct observations
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1. adaptation to environment=primary product of evolution
2. earth must be ancient 3. evolution explains fossil record and life diversity/complexity |
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belief that you can get to know God better by studying nature than the Bible
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natural theology
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bugs that have "beaks" to eat seeds
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soapberry bugs
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what do soapberry bugs eat in southern Florida?
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balloon vine
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what do soapberry bugs eat in central Florida?
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goldenrain tree
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soapberry bugs that eat ____ have shorter beaks
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goldenrain tree
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what does MRSA stand for?
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methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus
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what fraction of people carry S. aureus
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1/3
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virulent form of MRSA
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USA300
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bacterial enzyme that can destroy penicillin
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penicillinase
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antibiotic that MRSA is resistant to
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methicillin
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how does methicillin work?
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deactivates a protein that makes up bacterial cell walls
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___ is a process of editing, not creating resistant pathogens.
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natural selection
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natural selection depends on _____ and _____
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time and place
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similarity resulting from common ancestry
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homology
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structures that represent variations on a structural theme
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homologous structures
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2 characteristics of ALL vertebrates
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post-anal tail
pharyngeal pouches |
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leftover structures
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vestigial structures
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genes that have lost their function
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pseudogenes
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name 4 tetrapods..
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amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals
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diagram of pattern of descent
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evolutionary tree
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independent evolution of similar features in different lineages
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convergent evolution
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___develop in the uterus, while ___develop in a pouch
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eutherians, marsupials
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sugar gliders are ___
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marsupials
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flying squirrels are ___
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eutherians
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features with similar function but not common ancestry
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analogous features
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mammalian order including whales, dolphins, and porpoises
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cetaceans
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group including cows, pigs, deer and camels
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even-toed ungulates
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geographic distribution of species
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biogeography
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single large continent,
how long ago? |
Pangaea
250 mya |
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found nowhere else in the world
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endemic
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