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6 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Define evolution
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*Evolution: the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population.
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Outline the evidence for evolution provided by the fossil record, selective breeding of domesticated animals and homologous structures
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*Fossil records: if you go back in time you'll see great evolutionary change by looking at their fossils.
*Selective breeding of domesticated animals: people see two different good characteristics in animals, mate them to see if that one can get both. All animals we have today = far from originals Homologous structure: same structure same origin |
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Explain that the consequences of the potential overproduction of offspring is a struggle for survival
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Less resources available to other members of population.
- individuals have to compete for them - result in an increase in mortality rate as the weaker ones in population will die out and stronger ones will reproduce |
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Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in a species
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1. Meiosis: due to crossing over and random orientation new combination of genes are formed.
2. Fertilization: which sperm that finally will reach the egg and fertilize is also by random. 3. Mutations: if takes place during production of sex cell, they become inheritable. Mutation is important for evolution. 4. Sexual selection: * Intrasexual - males fight males, winner reproduce * Intersexual - "choice of mate": females choose the male with "the best" features. |
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Explain how natural selection leads to evolution
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Some individuals will adapt to their environment while others will not. The better adapted ones are more likely to survive and produce. Offsprings less adapted are more likely to die.
- Overtime, this result in a new generation is created with the favorable characteristics that makes species better adapted to the environment |
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Explain two examples of evolution in response environmental change; one must be antibiotic resistance in bacteria
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Antibiotic resistance:
* In nature if you are a bacteria and lucky, and you resist antibiotics, then you are a survivor. - The bacteria will reproduce - will also be resistant -- the resistant is in the plasmid --- the bacteria can also transfer the mutated plasmid to fellow bacteria cells. Galapagos finches: * 3 million years ago, few individuals of ancestral finch species, from South America mainland arrived to Galapagos islands to the environment there showed similarities and differences compared to their original habitat. - by adaptive radiation the original species have developed to become 14 (15) different species. today, specialized on different kinds of food |