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6 Cards in this Set

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Define evolution
*Evolution: the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population.
Outline the evidence for evolution provided by the fossil record, selective breeding of domesticated animals and homologous structures
*Fossil records: if you go back in time you'll see great evolutionary change by looking at their fossils.

*Selective breeding of domesticated animals: people see two different good characteristics in animals, mate them to see if that one can get both.
All animals we have today = far from originals
Homologous structure: same structure same origin
Explain that the consequences of the potential overproduction of offspring is a struggle for survival
Less resources available to other members of population.
- individuals have to compete for them
- result in an increase in mortality rate as the weaker ones in population will die out and stronger ones will reproduce
Explain how sexual reproduction promotes variation in a species
1. Meiosis: due to crossing over and random orientation new combination of genes are formed.

2. Fertilization: which sperm that finally will reach the egg and fertilize is also by random.

3. Mutations: if takes place during production of sex cell, they become inheritable. Mutation is important for evolution.

4. Sexual selection:
* Intrasexual - males fight males, winner reproduce
* Intersexual - "choice of mate": females choose the male with "the best" features.
Explain how natural selection leads to evolution
Some individuals will adapt to their environment while others will not. The better adapted ones are more likely to survive and produce. Offsprings less adapted are more likely to die.
- Overtime, this result in a new generation is created with the favorable characteristics that makes species better adapted to the environment
Explain two examples of evolution in response environmental change; one must be antibiotic resistance in bacteria
Antibiotic resistance:
* In nature if you are a bacteria and lucky, and you resist antibiotics, then you are a survivor.
- The bacteria will reproduce - will also be resistant
-- the resistant is in the plasmid
--- the bacteria can also transfer the mutated plasmid to fellow bacteria cells.

Galapagos finches:
* 3 million years ago, few individuals of ancestral finch species, from South America mainland arrived to Galapagos islands to the environment there showed similarities and differences compared to their original habitat.
- by adaptive radiation the original species have developed to become 14 (15) different species. today, specialized on different kinds of food