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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Define evolution
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evolution is the cumulative change in the heritable characteristics of a population
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Define population
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group of organisms of the same species who live in the same area at the same time
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Members of a species show...
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VARIATION.
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What causes species to have more variation?
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Sexual reproduction
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How does sexual reproduction promote variation in a species?
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Meiosis, random fertilization, recombination.
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Summarize how meiosis promotes variation
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allows a huge variety of genetically different gametes to be made by each individual (crossing over)
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Summarize how random fertilization promotes variation
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the coupling of a random sperm and a random egg
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Mutation also allows the formation of....
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NEW ALLELES
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Populations tend to produce more offsprings than...
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the environment can support
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How does potential overproduction lead to a struggle for survival?
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limits to necessary resources--> organisms live/die depending on whether they're able to get the resources or not.
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How does natural selection lead to evolution?
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Greater survival and reproductive success of individuals with favourable heritable variations can lead to change in the characteristics of a population.
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Evolution by natural selection is a response to...
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ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGE
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Why is evolution by natural selection considered as EVOLUTION?
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change in frequency of heritable characteristics of a population since more members of the next generation will have the favourable trait.
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Examples of evolution in response to environmental change...
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1) Antibiotic resistance in bacteria
2) Size&shape of Galapagos finches' BEAKS 3) Pesticide resistance |
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How do bacteria develop antibiotic resistance?
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1. a resistant gene can be transferred to a bacterium and creates variation.
2. natural selection 3. reproduce, spread, and replace |
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Microevolution is the change in ...
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ALLELE FREQUENCY
eg. antibiotic resistance in bacteria |
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Macroevolution is SPECIATION due to...
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accumulation of microevolutionary changes
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Fossil records provide evidence for...
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CHANGE OVER TIME
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Homologous structures represent...
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an ANATOMICAL HOMOLOGY
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What does anatomical homology mean..?
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variations on a structural theme that was present on a common ancestor
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what are VESTIGIAL structures?
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structures that are similar in developing embryos that are not present in adults of the species
eg. humans have tails --> tailbones humans have gills-->ears and throats |
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what represents MOLECULAR homology?
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DNA and protein similarities
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What is the BINOMIAL system of NOMENCLATURE?
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binomial system= two names used
nomenclature= naming of species |
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Binomial nomeclature: 1st name=? 2nd name=?
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1st= Genus
2nd= species |
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Is the name bolded, italicized or underlined?
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italicized when printed
underlined when hand-written |
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King
Philip Came Over For Good Soup |
Kingdom
Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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Define TAXON:
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A group of organisms (eg. species or genus)
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Bryophytes
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MOSSES
- no roots - root hairs - simple leaves and stems |
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Filicinophytes
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Ferns
- roots,leaves,short woody stems present |
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Coniferophytes
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Conifers
- shrubs/trees with roots, leaves, and woody stems. |
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Angiospermophytes
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flowering plants
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porifera
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eg. SPONGES
- no clear symmetry - attached to a surface - pores thru body - no mouth/anus |
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cnidaria
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eg. ANEMONES
- radially symmetric - tentacles - stinging cells - mouth but no anus |
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platyhelminths
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eg. TAPEWORMS, LIVERFLUKES
- bilaterally symmetric - FLAT bodies - unsegmented - mouth but no anus |
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annelida
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eg. EARTHWORMS, LEECHES
- bilaterally symmetric - bristles often present - SEGMENTED - mouth and anus |
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mollusca
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eg. SNAILS, SQUIDS
- muscular foot and mantle - shell usually present - segmentation NOT VISIBLE - mouth and anus |
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arthropoda
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eg. INSECTS, SPIDERS, CRABS, MILLIPEDES
- bilaterally symmetric - exoskeletom - segmented - jointed appendages |
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Genus' organisms share the...
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most characteristics
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Sigmoid curve: x&y axis titles, important elements to highlight
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x=time, y=population
resources, natality, mortality |
