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39 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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What is Evolution?
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A way to explain the natural world
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What is Creationism?
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God created all life spontaneously and species don't change
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Who is Charles Darwin?
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Writer of Origin of Species and questioned creationism beliefs
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What are fossils?
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Showed clear progression of evolution over time
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What did Lamarck suggest about evolution?
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The refinement of traits through the use and disuse of body parts were past on to the offspring
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Who was Charlie Lyelle?
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A geologist that believed the earth was very old and was shaped from volcanoes and mountains by wind and rain
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What is Natural Selection?
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Can cause an entire population to change over multiple generations. The fate of the individual is not based on luck or chance.
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How do we know evolution has occurred?
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1) Fossil Evidence
2) Comparative Anatomy 3) Comparative Embryology 4) Modern Molecular Biology and Genetics |
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What are some biochemical similarities between species?
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1) All cells have DNA
2) All cells have ribosomes + RNA 3) All cells use the same genetic code 4) All cells use ATP |
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What is a gene pool?
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All alleles in a population at any one time
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What is Genetic Drift?
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When populations evolve due to chance events. Evident when looking at small populations.
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What is Micro-evolution?
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Changes in allele frequencies from one generation to the next.
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What is Macro-evolution?
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The major changes in the history of life which are evident in the fossil record.
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What is the biological species concept?
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A new species is formed if it can interbreed with itself and produce fertile offspring.
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What are the 2 types of reproductive barriers?
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1) Prezygotic
2) Postzygotic |
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What are the 5 different kinds of Prezygotic barriers?
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1) Temporal Isolation - different times of year or day
2) Habitat Isolation - land/water 3) Behavioral Isolation - mating rituals 4) Mechanical Isolation - genitalia doesn't line up 5) Gametic Isolation - Different proteins on sperm and egg can't bing |
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What are the 3 types Postzygotic barriers?
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1) Reduced Hybrid Viability - won't reach sexual maturity
2) Reduced Hybrid Fertility - Sterile 3) Hybrid Breakdown - weal/sterile |
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What does Homologous Structure mean?
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Same bone structure among many species
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What are the 2 Mechanisms of Speciation?
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1) Allopatric Speciation - geographic barrier
2) Sympatric Speciation - origin of species in the same geographical location |
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What is a Polyploidy organism?
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Greater than 2 sets of chormosomes
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What is the tempo/pace of evolution?
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Sudden appearances of a species to a species maintaining for awhile, to suddenly disappearing.
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What is a Punctuated Model?
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Rapid Evolution
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What is a Graduated Model?
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Small changes over time
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What is Evolutionary Development?
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Changes in regulators that control embryotic development.
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What is Paedomorphosis?
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Retaining of juvenile features to adulthood
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What are Homeotic Genes?
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Master control genes that dictate what body parts are going to form and what location
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What are the 4 periods on the Geologic Time Scale?
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1) Precambrian - origin of earth/fossils
2) Paleozoic Era - plants/fish 3) Mesozoic Era - Dinosaurs 4) Cenozoic Era - Current/Humans/Animals |
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What is the Hierarchical Classification?
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1) Domain
2) Kingdom 3) Phylum 4) Class 5) Order 6) Family 7) Genus 8) Species |
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What are the 3 domains of life?
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1) Eukarya
2) Bacteria 3) Archea |
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What is a Protist?
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Colonial organisms with diverse nutritional and reproductive modes
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What are the 4 major categories of Protists?
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1) Protozoans
2) Slime Mold 3) Unicellular Algae 4) Seaweeds |
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What is a Protozoan?
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Single celled organism with animal like behavior - Movement
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What is a slime mold?
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Uses spores to reproduce
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What are the 4 major plant groups?
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1) Bryophytes - non vascular - moss
2) Ferns - Seedless Vascular - High Structure 3) Gymnosperms - Naked Seed - Pinecones 4) Angiosperms - Flowering Plant |
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What were the 2 major changes in the Alteration of Generations?
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1) Gametophytes - Produce gametes that give rise to Sporophytes
2) Sporophytes - Produces spores which give rise to gametophytes |
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What is Fungi?
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De-composers that break down waste and give nutrient to plants in the soil. Their flat tops reach out to to allow the plant to absorb more nutrients.
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What is an animal?
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Eukaryotic organism, multicellular, and heterotrophic(food obtained by eating others)
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What is the Animal Phylogeny?
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How the animals were classified
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What are the 9 types of Phyla?
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1) Sponges - No tissue
2) Cnidarians - Radial Symmetry - Jelly Fish 3) Molluscs - Bilateral Symmetry - Snails, Clams, Octopus, Squid 4) Flatworms - Tapeworms - Segmented reproduction 5) Annelids - Earthworms - Body Segmentation - complete digestive track 6) Roundworms - Aren't segmented - heartworms 7) Anthropods - Jointed Specialized Appendages - Spiders, crabs, insects, millipeds 8) Echinoderm - Spiny Surfaces - Sea stars, Sea urchins, Sand Dollars 9) Chordates - Most Diverse Group - Humans, Reptiles, Mammals, Fish |
