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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
Complementary Base Pairs
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Nucleotides that match up and form hydrogen bonds on opposite strands of a DNA molecule. C-G, A-T
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Point Mutations
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Mutation of a single point in the base sequence of a gene.
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Transition
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change from a purine to a purine or a pyrimidine to a pyrimidine.
ex: A to G (purine) T to C (pyrimidine) |
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Transversion
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Change from a Purine to a Pyrimidine or a pyrimidine to a purine.
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Replacement Substitutions
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Point mutations resulting in AA change
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Silent Site Substitutions
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Point Mutations that result in no AA change.
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Indels
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small numbers of bases that have been inserted into or deleted from a genome
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Selection Coefficient
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A variable used to represent the difference in fitness b/w one genotype and another.
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Unequal Crossing-over
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A crossing over event b/w mispaired DNA strands that results in the duplication of sequences in some daughter strands and deletions in others.
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Pseudogenes
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DNA sequences that are homologous to functional genes but are not transcribed.
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Paralogous
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Duplicated genes found in the same genome
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Orthologous
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Duplicated genes found in different species
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Genetic Linkage
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Tendency for alleles at different loci on a chromosome to be inherited together.
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Cline
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Regular change in the frequency of an allele over a geographic area.
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Polyploid
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Organisms that have more that two chromosome sets. (4n, 6n, 8n) Common in plants
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Population Genetics
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Change in the relative abundance of traits in a population can be directly tied to changes in the relative abundance of alleles that influence them.
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Population
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Group of interbreeding individuals and their offspring.
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Gene Pool
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Set of all copies of all alleles in a population that could potentially be contributed by the members of one generation to the members of the next generation.
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Genetic Drift
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Random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population, presumably owing to chance rather than natural selection.
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Selection
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when individuals with particular phenotypes survive to reprod. age at a higher rate than other individuals.
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Overdominance
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Situation in which heterozygotes at a particular locus tend to have higher fitness than homozygotes. Also known as heterozygote superiorority.
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Underdominace
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Situation in which homozygotes tend to have higher fitness than heterozygotes (rare)
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Frequency-Dependent Selection
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Occurs when an individual's fitness depends on the frequency of its phenotype in the population.
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Mutation-Selection Balance
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Equilibrium in the frequency of an allele that occurs b/c new copies of the allele are created by mutationat exactly the same rate that old copies of the allele are eliminated.
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