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24 Cards in this Set

  • Front
  • Back
Complementary Base Pairs
Nucleotides that match up and form hydrogen bonds on opposite strands of a DNA molecule. C-G, A-T
Point Mutations
Mutation of a single point in the base sequence of a gene.
Transition
change from a purine to a purine or a pyrimidine to a pyrimidine.
ex: A to G (purine)
T to C (pyrimidine)
Transversion
Change from a Purine to a Pyrimidine or a pyrimidine to a purine.
Replacement Substitutions
Point mutations resulting in AA change
Silent Site Substitutions
Point Mutations that result in no AA change.
Indels
small numbers of bases that have been inserted into or deleted from a genome
Selection Coefficient
A variable used to represent the difference in fitness b/w one genotype and another.
Unequal Crossing-over
A crossing over event b/w mispaired DNA strands that results in the duplication of sequences in some daughter strands and deletions in others.
Pseudogenes
DNA sequences that are homologous to functional genes but are not transcribed.
Paralogous
Duplicated genes found in the same genome
Orthologous
Duplicated genes found in different species
Genetic Linkage
Tendency for alleles at different loci on a chromosome to be inherited together.
Cline
Regular change in the frequency of an allele over a geographic area.
Polyploid
Organisms that have more that two chromosome sets. (4n, 6n, 8n) Common in plants
Population Genetics
Change in the relative abundance of traits in a population can be directly tied to changes in the relative abundance of alleles that influence them.
Population
Group of interbreeding individuals and their offspring.
Gene Pool
Set of all copies of all alleles in a population that could potentially be contributed by the members of one generation to the members of the next generation.
Genetic Drift
Random fluctuations in the frequency of the appearance of a gene in a small isolated population, presumably owing to chance rather than natural selection.
Selection
when individuals with particular phenotypes survive to reprod. age at a higher rate than other individuals.
Overdominance
Situation in which heterozygotes at a particular locus tend to have higher fitness than homozygotes. Also known as heterozygote superiorority.
Underdominace
Situation in which homozygotes tend to have higher fitness than heterozygotes (rare)
Frequency-Dependent Selection
Occurs when an individual's fitness depends on the frequency of its phenotype in the population.
Mutation-Selection Balance
Equilibrium in the frequency of an allele that occurs b/c new copies of the allele are created by mutationat exactly the same rate that old copies of the allele are eliminated.