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32 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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How a plant grown from a cutting ? |
A small bit of the stem is cut off and the end is dipped in hormone rooting powder, it is then placed in compost and covered with a plastic bag to keep it damp |
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What is embryo transplant ? |
A sperm and egg cell are fused to make a zygote , which develops into an embryo. The cells are then spilt apart and each cell relplicates into a new ball of cells. These are transported into the new mum which produced indenticsl calves |
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What is adult cell cloning ? |
Back (Definition) |
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What are the advantages of cloning techniques ? |
Could help save animals for extinction, can produce large numbers of medically useful animals, good for infertility couples |
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Disadvantages of cloning techniques ? |
Lack of genetic variation, many may not like it as it could lead to cloned babies |
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What is tissue culture (plant )cloning ? |
Tissue from a desirable plant is cut of and grown on jelly with all the nutrients it need to produce a genetically identical plant . |
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Why do organisms develop different characteristics in different habitats ? |
To suite the habitat they live in |
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What are some changes that lead to extinction ? |
Catastrophes , change in temp , new predators , disease |
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What is habitat destruction ? |
Humans destroying natural resources for the benefits of resources eg deforestation |
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How do diseases cause extinction ? |
They cause all of a species to die out especially on an island |
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How does climate change cause extinction ? |
Species are unable to adapt and die out |
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What is speciation ? |
Formation of a new species through evolution |
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What is the first step in speciation ? |
A population becomes isolated from the original population |
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What is the second and third step in speciation ? |
Genetic variation between individuals in the new population and conditions are different in the environment of the new isolated population |
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What is the 4th step in speciation ? |
Natural selection |
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What is the 5th step in speciation? |
The population changes so it can no longer interbreed with the original population |
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What is a fossil ? |
Remains or organisms from millions of years ago that can be found in rocks and ice , that gives us information |
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How are fossils formed ? |
Absence of decay , or as preserved traces of organisms |
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What is extinction ? |
Where a species is wiped out |
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Why didn’t people except extinction ? |
They believed that god wouldn’t let theme die and they didn’t know how old the earth was |
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What is a fossil ? |
Remains of an organism from millions of years ago that can be found in rock ice and other things |
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How are fossils formed ? |
The animal dies and falls to the floor . The flesh rots, leaving the skeleton to be covered in sand or soil. The skeleton becomes mineralised and turns to rock . The rocks shift in the earth with the fossil trapped inside and eventually the fossil emerges as the rocks move and erosion takes place |
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How do you know how old a fossil is ? |
Because of how far down in the earth it is |
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What is a mutation ? |
A change in the genetic code |
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How do you know how old a fossil is ? |
Because of how far down in the earth it is |
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What is a mutation ? |
A change in the genetic code |
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How does bacteria become resistant ? |
There is a variation in the population of bacteria caused by mutations . The mutated bacteria survive whilst the others die out. The mutated bacteria multiply rapidly as there is little competion. The resistant bacteria pass their dna on. |
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How do you know how old a fossil is ? |
Because of how far down in the earth it is |
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What is a mutation ? |
A change in the genetic code |
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How does bacteria become resistant ? |
There is a variation in the population of bacteria caused by mutations . The mutated bacteria survive whilst the others die out. The mutated bacteria multiply rapidly as there is little competion. The resistant bacteria pass their dna on. |
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How can we prevent bacteria mutating ? |
Don’t overuse antibiotics, finish the course of antibiotics and restrict the use of antibiotics in agriculture |
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Why is the fossil record incomplete ? |
Earths early organisms were soft bodied so they left no fossils, many haven’t been found, some have been destroyed in natural disasters |
