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24 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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evolution
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the prossess by which modern organisms have descended from ancient organisms
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theory
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a well-supported testable explanation of phenomena that have occurred throughout the world
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fossils
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preserved remains of ancient organisms
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artificial selection
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a proccess used to accuire a desired characteristic
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struggle for existence
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members of each species compete regularly to obtain food, living space, and other necessities of life
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fitness
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the ability of an individual to survive and reproduce in its specific environment
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adaptation
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any inherited characteristic that increases and organism's chance of survival
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survival of the fittest
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individuals that are better suited to their environment survive and reproduce most successfully
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natural selection
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another term for survival of the fittest
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descent with modification
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each individual has descended, with changes, from other spicies over time
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common descent
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the idea that if we look far enough back, we can find the common ancestors of all living things
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homologous creatures
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structures that have different mature forms but develope from the same ambryonic tissue
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vestigal organs
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small traces of homologous organs in other species,like miniature legs
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gene pool
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consists of all genes, including all the different alleles, that are presented in a population
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reletive frequency
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the number of times an allele occurs in a gene pool compared to the number of times other alleles for the same gene occur
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single-gene trait
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s trait that is controlled by a single gene that has two alleles
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polygenic traits
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traits controlled by two or more alleles
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directional selection
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when individuals at one end of the curve have a higher fitness than individuals at the middle or at the end
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stabalizing selection
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when individuals near the cent of the curve have a hogher fitness than individuals at either ends of the curve
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disruptive selection
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when individuals at the upper and lower ends of the curve have higher fitness than individuals near the middle
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genetic drift
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a random change in allele frequency
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founder effect
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a situation in which allele frequencies change as a result of the migration of a small subgroup of a population
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Hardy-Weinbirg principle
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allele frequencies in a population will remain constant unless one or more factors cause those frequencies to change
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genetic equalibrium
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the situation in which allele frequencies remain constant
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