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35 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Renaissance
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a. "rebirth" age from 1350 - 1550
b. it created a set of cultural values, artistic, and literary achievements that are used today |
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apprenticeship
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a. work or labor
b. poor families kids worked at an early age to make money for family. |
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Filippo Brunelleschi
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a. A famous architect during the rennaisance
b, Challenged principles of Gothic architecture by adding classical elements based on geometric designs |
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Donatello
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a. famous sculptor
b. He revived the "free standing statue" |
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Linear perspective
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a. technique using principles of geometry to create an illusion of depth and dimension on a flat surface
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Masaccio
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a. famous artist
b. made paintings look 3-D ex. "expulsion of Adam and Eve" |
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Leonardo De Vinci
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a. was known as the "Ideal Renaissance man" he was universally talented.
b. painted "Last Supper" and "Monalisa" |
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Michelangelo
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a. famous sculptor and painter during the Italian Rennasaince
b. made "David", "Pieta, painted frescos in the ceilings of the St Peter's Basilica, and Sistine Chapel |
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humanists
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a. renaissance intellectuals
b. studied and taught humanities skills such as philology, rhetoric and language which concentrated on ancients texts |
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philology
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the art of language - based on ancients texts
- an important aspect of humanists studies |
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Cosimo de Medici
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a. a wealthy political banker/lender
b. Started international banking. |
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Ottoman empire
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a. Muslims that take over Italy
b. Take over Constantinople, threatens Italy but is halted by black plague. |
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Columbian Exchange
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a. exchange of disease animals, and plants between Natives and Europeans
b. caused many horrible diseases that were unknown to both Natives and Europeans |
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Conquistadores
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a. Were explores Such as Hernando Cortez from Spain.
b. They explored much of the Carribean and the Americas |
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Treaty of Tordesillas
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a. A treaty that stated that Portugal has the right to the eastern route to the Indies as well as to any undiscovered land east of the imaginary line west of the Cape Verde Islands.
- recognized Portugal's right to Brazil b. Spain had what was to the left of the line (the remaining parts of the New World) |
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Prince Henry of Portugal
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a. Navigator from Portugal
b. encouraged the creation of accurate maps of the African coastline. |
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Bartolomue Dias
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a. Portuguese Navigator under the leadership of Prince Henry of Portugal
b. First navigator to round the tip of Africa in 1487 c. opened the eastern African shores to Portuguese traders |
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Fernidad Magellen
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a. Portuguese navigator
b. first to circumnavigate the world |
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Tenochtitlan
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a. This was the Capital of the Aztecs current day Mexico City
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Francis I of France
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a. king of France
b.He was one of the three main monarchy rulers, and he also took part in many Dynastic wars |
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Charles of Ghent (Charles V)
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a. king of Holy roman empire and Spain
b. took part in the dynastic wars, conquered Naples in wars in Italy, also inherited the Habsurg Lands in Austria and Germany. |
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Henry VIII
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c. The English King
b. later formed small alliances and always wanted to conquer France |
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Treaty of Cateau-Cambresis
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a. This treaty prevented war between the European Monarchies
b. Also it prevented war for 60 years. |
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Erasmus of Rotterdam
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a. led a humanist movement which exposed the hypocrisy of religious leaders (catholic)
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Justification by faith
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a.method that Martin Luther
b.It means Gods demands are not from indulgences and ceremonies, there from those who believe and trust in Jesus Christ alone |
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Indulgence
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a.Was a remission of the temporal penalty imposed by priests on penitents as a “work of satisfaction” for their mortal sins.
(payment for remission of sins) b. The church (16th Century) was using indulgences as a way to get money. - this was a big issue in Lutheran refom. |
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Pope Leo X
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a. He was using indulgences to rebuild St. Peter’s Basilica
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Exsturge Domine
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a.This was a papal bull for heresy
b.This was given to Luther from the Pope, it gave Luther 60 days to react. |
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Diet of Worms
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a.The Diet of worms where ware the empires court was with the pope
b.This is were Luther presented his beliefs |
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Ulrich Zwingli
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a.Was a leader of the Swiss Reformation mercenaries.
b.He was also known for his opposition to the sale of indulgences and to religious superstition c.He shared similar thoughts as Martin Luther, except the thoughts about Christ and the Eucharist. |
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Marburg Colloquy
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a. Luther and Zwingli meet here, 2 important protestant leaders, but they left since they did not cooperative because of there differences
b. Although the German and Swiss still remained allies. |
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Anabaptists
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aThis was a racial group that came from the Amish.
b.They were distinguished by there rejection to child baptism and to only accepting adult baptism (Radical Reformation) - one of the protestant groups |
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John Calvin
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a.founder of Calvinism
b.Calvinism was replaces by Lutheranism as the dominant Protest force in Europe. |
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Institutes of the Christian Religion
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a. book written by John Calvin
b. perfectly explained the protestant beliefs |
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Peace of Augsburg of 1555
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a.This was a peace between Charles V and the Protestants.
b.It did not extend recognition to Calvinism and Anabaptism as legal forms of Christian beliefs. |
