Use LEFT and RIGHT arrow keys to navigate between flashcards;
Use UP and DOWN arrow keys to flip the card;
H to show hint;
A reads text to speech;
14 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
|
Explain why the Peasant's War broke out in 1524? (12marks) (economical, religious, political) |
Social: poor harvests downtrodden Economical Issues: Peasant's were depressed by taxes Political: Thomas Munzer - preacher, leader, believed in protestantism, fought in war Religion: Paying money to Church Indulgences tithes corruption of abuses - printing press of Luther & Erasmus's work Economical & religion link |
|
|
How important was printing to the success of Lutheranism? (24 marks) (printing press was successful) |
Printing Press: Spread of Luther's 95 Theses - published on 31st Oct 1517 on Wittenburg Church Wood cuttings = pictures = people were unable to read and write & did not understand Latin Pamphlets = Address to the Christian Nobility of theGerman Nation, The BabylonianCaptivity of the Church, and TheFreedom of a Christian (1520) |
|
|
How important was printing to the success of Lutheranism? (24 marks) (printing press wasn't successful) |
Other Factors: Support of Princes - Philip of Hesse, Frederick the Wise Weakness of Charles V Luther Preaching Humanism - popes corrupt |
|
|
How important was Ignatius Loyola to the movement for Catholic Reform in the years 1540 - 1564? (24marks) |
Yes: Founder of new order Jesuits Spiritual Exercises - rituals in order to get into it Missionaries to North America and Far East No: Popes - reforming Paul III sanctioned the Jesuits Council of Trent - Tridentine Decrees Secular rulers - Philip II of Spain |
|
|
Explain why humanists criticized the Catholic church (12 marks) |
Church was corrupt - abuses - nepotism, pluralism Humanist Erasmus criticized church & papacy: The Praise of Folly - 1511- lack of respect of cardinals who were too much involvedwith making money and concerns of the world-Did not spare the Popes who claimed to be the representatives of Christ onEarth Julius Exclusus - 1514 - criticized Pope Julius II - warrior Pope - Julius was excluded from heaven |
|
|
How successful was the Council of Trent in reforming the Catholic Church? |
Successful: Paul III (reforming Pope) started the Council of Trent in 1538 At the Council of Trent they placed their beliefs what they were going to do to the document - Tridentine Decrees (1564) Tridentine Decrees = reinforced the doctrines (7 sacraments), strengthened the papacy, worked alongside the monarchs Highlights the Jesuits - Lamen and Salmeron open minded - wanted to reform Not Successful: Slow process 1538 - 1564 Had more than one meeting Didn't reality change their clerical views didn't abolished abuses Cara - didn't reform Secular Rulers - Philip II of Spain = more influence Jesuits |
|
|
Explain why the Anabaptist's were persecuted? |
Other religions - stronger Two radical/extreme Belief of having to be baptised again - died before baptised had to go to heaven Upsets people - conservative - don't like change |
|
|
How important was the work of the consistory to the success of the Reformation in Geneva in 1564 |
Consistory: Discipline Get everyone in line excommunicate others Fear - kept them calvinism Other Factors: Calvin - Ecclesiastical Ordinances (1541) - blue print, organising church Institutes of Christian Religion - 1538 Working alongside he Council John Knox |
|
|
Explain why Luther was summoned to the Diet of Worms |
He criticised indulgences - 95 Theses - 31 Oct 1517 - printing press - challenging of his beliefs - writing/preaching The papacy could not control Luther: - tried to exile - Papal bull (1519 - 1520) - failed as he burned it Leipzig Debate - 1519 - John Eck Charles V - HRE - had to step in Diet of Worms - 1521 |
|
|
How was the spread of the Lutheran Reformation in the years 1521 - 1555 due to Luther's preaching? |
Luther: Colloquy of Mollburg - 1527 - allowed Luther to preach his ideas against Zwingli Preaching - spread ideas as people couldn't read - Good preacher - in order to produce his beliefs - appealing to others Preached at Wittenburg |
|
|
How was the spread of the Lutheran Reformation in the years 1521 - 1555 due to Luther's preaching? |
Other Factors: Peasant's War (1524 - 1525) Weakness of Charles V - political - absence of Emperor, problems created forthe Emperor by the Turks, divisions between Emperor and Pope Political backing for the Lutheran movement - e.g. Princes - Philip of Hesse Augsburg (1526 - 1528) Schmalkaldic League - formed by the Princes Corruption of the Church Other pamplets - Babalyonish of Captivity of Church Printing press |
|
|
Explain why many new orders developed within the Catholic Church in the early 16th Century before the 1540? |
to stop the printing press Popes needed to reform - reforming popes - Paul III - developed the Jesuits - Adrian VI - Paul IV Erasmus, Luther - Julius Exclusus - 1514 - links to Popes - criticised Catholic Church - alerted that Catholic needed reform to people Took criticisms personally leading to form the New Orders - Theatines, Ursulines, Capuchins |
|
|
How important was the papacy in changing the Catholic Church in the years 1534 - 1564? |
Popes: Paul III - started the Council of Trent in 1545 - published the Tridentine Decrees in 1564 - Sanctioned the Jesuits in 1540 - Recognised the importance of the New Orders e.g. Oratories of Divide Love Contrast to the old Popes - Alexander VI, Julius II and Leo X - which shows their improvement Paul IV - dynamic - infatuated with the purity of the doctrine - attacked the abuses of the Church e.g. simony - EstablishedIndex 1559 & encouraged Inquisition vs. heretics |
|
|
How important was the papacy in changing the Catholic Church in the years 1534 - 1564? |
Other Factors: Jesuits - founder by Ignatius Loyola - missionaries to North America & Far East - Xavier - spiritual exercises - disciplined New Orders - Theatines - Capuchin's = independent Council of Trent - over a long period of time Reactive not preactive - slow - papal bull - excommunicate Didn't change = doctrine Secular Leaders - Philip II of Spain - Francis I - Mary I |
