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76 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Absolutism
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This placed absolute or unlimited power in the monarch or his advisors.
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Divine Right
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A political idea that a monarch receives his/her power directly from God and are responsible to God alone.
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Philip II
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-He became Spain's most powerful king.
-The Prudent King |
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El Escorial
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-royal court
-art gallery -monastary -tombs for spanish royalty. |
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Religious policies of Philip II
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-Protestant minorities?
-Marranos-Jews converted to Christianity -Moriscos-Muslims turned Christian -Autos da fé-public ritual & execution |
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What event?
1569--Dutch--Philip II |
Philip II tries to impose Catholicism on the Dutch. The Dutch revolt.
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What event?
1581--Dutch--Philip II |
The Dutch declare their independence.
With help of English "Sea Dogs" raided the Spanish Armada. |
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What event?
1586--English--Philip II |
Philip II plans to attack England.
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What event?
1568--England--Philip II |
The Spanish Armada enter the English Channel, but is defeated via quicker ships, longer-range cannons, fireships.
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Spanish Armada
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A fleet of warships organized to carry out a mission.
1588 130 ships, 33,000 men. |
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What event marked the beginning of Spain's decline as a sea power?
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Their defeat while attacking England in 1588.
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Dates of the Tudor's Reign?
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1486-1603
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Edward VI?
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Henry VIII's only son
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Henry VII?
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First Tudor monarch
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How did Henry VII rebuild & Improve England?
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-Commerce
-improved foreign trade -improved collection of taxes -avoided wars. |
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Henry VIII?
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The most powerful Tudor monarch.
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Mary I ?
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Became monarch after Edward VI.
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Who married Mary I?
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Philip II of Spain
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Who did the Council of Nobles assist?
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Elizabeth I
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Council of Nobles--part 1
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-directed proclimations
-handled foreign trade -supervised the admin of justice, regula- tions, prices and wages. |
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Council of Nobles--part 2
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-enforcing the Queen's laws.
-on local level, unpaid position, usually well-respected member of community. |
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Justice of the Peace
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-maintain the peace
-collection of taxes -keep the government informed of local problems. |
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Austria 1740
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Maria Theresa becomes
Empress of Austria |
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Maria Theresa of Austria
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Empress of Austria in 1740
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In 1718, why did Charles VI convene with the monarchs of Europe?
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1. To promise not to divide the Hapsburg empire.
2. To accept a female successor to Austrian Throne. |
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Pragmatic Sanction
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Royal decree having the force of law.
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What were Maria Theresa's accomplishments?
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-strengthen AUS central government
-reorganized the bureaucracy -improved tax collection, built roads -encouraged trade,exports w/Bohemia -used gov't $$ to boost textiles/glass |
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Fredrick II?
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Emperor of Prussia.
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Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
-what year? -what did it end? -why was it important? |
-1748
-War of Austrian Succession. -officially recognized Prussia as an important nation. |
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Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle
-what were the two parts of the deal? |
-Fredrick II could keep Silesia.
-Maria Theresa could keep her domain: Austria, Hungary, & Bohemia. |
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What was the War of Austrian Succession?
-who was involved? -how was it started & ended? |
-Fredrick II/Prussia invaded AUS & took province of Silesia from Maria Theresa.
-Ended with the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle in 1748 after 7 years. |
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7-Years-War?
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-1756-1763
-UK-vs-France for New World land -Prussia-vs-Austria & rest of nations -Ended w/ Treaty of Paris |
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After the Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle,
what were the countries' alliances? Then, Maria Threresa changed sides to? |
UK, Dutch, Austria-vs-France, Spain, Russia.
Maria Theresa switched from UK to France. |
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Which war concluded with Treaty of Paris?
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7-Years-War
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What were the results from the
Treaty of Paris? |
-France gave to Great Britain:
- most of Canada -land east of Mississippi -Britain became leading power in India. |
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The most powerful Bourbon monarch?
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Louis XVI
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Jacque Bossuet
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He was the leading church official in France during the 1600's.
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French Subjects rights?
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-no right to revolt against the crown,
-even if the king is unjust. -the king is accountable only to God. |
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Versailles
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The palace built by Louis XIV outside of Paris.
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Jean-Baptiste Colbert
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Louis XIV's Minister of Finance
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Marquis de Louvois
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Louis XIV's Minister of War
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In 1685, what steps did Louis XIV take against the Huguenots?
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-Repealed the Edict of Nantes.
-Protestants/Hugue's stop their religion. -Children had to become Catholics. -200,000 go to UK, Dutch, & colonies. |
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Charles II
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-King of Spain, without an heir.
-Died 1700. -Euro powers want to divide Spain. |
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Philip V, aka Philip of Anjou
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-Louis XIV's grandson
-became king of Spain after Charles II left no heir, -keeping the empire undivided. |
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War of the Spanish Succession
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-1701-1713
-Begins when Philip V crowned king of Spain. -UK, Dutch, AUS-vs-France & Spain |
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The Treaty of Utrecht
1713 |
-UK & Dutch agreed as long as France & Spain never united under one crown.
-UK gained trade w/ Spanish colonies. -France gave UK: Nova Scotia & Newfoundland -Financially ruined France. |
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Balance of Power
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In international affairs, each nation helps keep peace by maintaining power that is equal to its rivals. So, one nation cannot overpower another nation.
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The Third Balancing Nation
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Re: balance of power, if one nation gets more powerful than the other, a third power will support the second nation.
England supported Spain against France. |
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Miguel de Cervantes
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Wrote "Don Quixote."
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Sea Dogs
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English people who attacked ships and forts around the world.
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Sir Frances Drake
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The king of the Sea Dogs
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Mary, Queen of Scots
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Former Catholic queen of Scotland.
Fled to England, was beheaded by Elizabeth. He Protestant son, James VI became king of the United Kingdom. |
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Czar
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Russian king or emperor.
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Oprichniki
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In 1500's, Ivan IV's secret police.
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Boyars
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The Russian nobles.
Many were traitorous to Ivan IV and were stripped of their lands. |
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Michael Romanov
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17-year-old successor to throne
after Ivan IV. First of the Romanov czar reign. |
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Cossacks
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-Warrior pioneers
-from Ukraine -self-governing villages. |
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Peter-the-Great
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The man who brought Europe to Russia.
7' tall |
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St. Petersburg
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The city built by Peter-the-Great.
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Vitas Bering
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Danish explorer who gave claimed the Bering Strait (between Siberia and Alaska)for Russia.
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Holy Synod
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A council of bishops responsible to
the government of Peter-the-Great. |
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Dvorianie
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The new class of nobles were given
land in exchange for government service, starting at age 15. |
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Serf
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Peasant laborers who worked the
estates and were bound to the land. The bottom of the pecking order. (fiefs) |
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Catherine II
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"Catherine-the-Great", 1762.
Almost freed serfs, before an uprising. Expanded borders. The last absolute monarch. |
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Henry IV
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The most powerful French monarch.
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1598 Edict of Nantes --allowances:
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It allowed Protestant worship to
continue in areas where the Protestants were a majority. Protestants & Catholics have same civil rights. |
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Barred (according to the Edict of Nantes:
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Protestant worship in Paris or
other Catholic strongholds. |
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Huguenots
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French Protestants
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Henry IV
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Rebuilt France.-restored crown's treasury
-repaired roads & bridges. -supported trade & industry -tried to restore discipline to the military, -tried to bring order to gov't bureaucr |
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Who was Cardinal Richelieu?
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Was given complete control of the French government by Louis VII.
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What happened to Henry IV?
Who succeeded him to the throne? |
He was assassinated.
His 9-year-old son, Louis VIII took the throne. |
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What did Cardinal Richelieu do to the nobles?
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-took away power from the nobles.
-striped nobles of local functions -destroyed their castles. |
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What powers did the nobles have before Richelieu?
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-collected taxes
-administered justice -appointed local officials -made alliances with foreign government |
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Intendants
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The special agents of the crown to whom Richelieu gave authority in local government affairs--while the nobles only retained their social positions.
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1625
France |
Radical Huguenots revolt.
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1628
France |
Cardinal Richelieu takes away Huguenots' rights to independent towns, but they get to keep their religious freedom.
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