European History Factsheet #5

Front 1

Jean-Jaques Rousseau dates

Back 1

1712-1778

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Jean-Jaques Rousseau

Back 2

French writer, philosopher, and composer of the 18th century Enlightenment

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Napoleon Bonaparte dates

Back 3

1769-1821

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Napoleon Bonaparte

Back 4

Corsican-born French military leader, later Emperor after the French Revolution

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart dates

Back 5

1756-1791

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Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart

Back 6

Prolific composer of Classical music: born in Salzburg, Austria

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Catherine the Great dates

Back 7

1729-1796

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Catherine the Great

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German-born, married to Peter III and later took control of Russia herself after he was deposed (1762). Ruled until her death.

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe dates

Back 9

1749-1832

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Johann Wolfgang von Goethe

Back 10

German writer. Author of Faust

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Moses Mendelssohn dates

Back 11

1729-1786

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Moses Mendelssohn

Back 12

German-Jewish philosopher; his ideas greatly influenced the Jewish Enlightenment (the Haskalah)

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George III dates

Back 13

1738-1820

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George III

Back 14

British King, a Hanoverian; ruled during American Revolution; periodic times of insanity

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Louis XVI dates

Back 15

1754-1793

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Louis XVI

Back 16

King of France and Navarre: husband of Marie Antoinette; executed during the French Revolution (the only French king to be executed)

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Marie Antionette dates

Back 17

1755-1793

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Marie Antionette

Back 18

Queen Consort of France and Navarre; wife of Louis XVI; executed during French Revolution under the guillotine.

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Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson dates

Back 19

1758-1805

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Vice-Admiral Horatio Nelson

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British flag officer famou8s for service in the Royal Navy, especially during the Napoleonic Wars. Died in the Battle of Trafalgar

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William Pitt the Younger dates

Back 21

1759-1806

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William Pitt the Younger

Back 22

British politician; the youngest Prime Minister at the age of 24; served under George III

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Ludvig von Beethoven dates

Back 23

1770-1827

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Ludvig von Beethoven

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German composer and pianist; continued to composed after going deaf. Influential in the transition between Classical and Romantic music periods.

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Duke of Wellington dates

Back 25

1769-1852

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Duke of Wellington

Back 26

Anglo-Irish soldier and statesman; led the coalition that defeated Napoleon at Waterloo.

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The Seven Years War dates

Back 27

1756-1763

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The Seven Years War

Back 28

Prussia, Brittain, and small German states vs and alliance of Austria, France, Russia, Sweden, and Saxony. Resulted in the European status quo being maintained

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Treaty of Hubertusburg date

Back 29

1763

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Treaty of Hubertusburg

Back 30

Signed by Prussia, Austira and Saxony; marked the end of the French and Indian War, and the Seven Years War (this las in conjunction with the Treaty of Paris)

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Treaty of Paris date

Back 31

1763

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Treaty of Paris

Back 32

Signed by Great Britain, France, and Spain to end the Seven Years War (in conjunction with the Treaty of Hubertusburg)

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French Revolution dates

Back 33

1789-1799

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French Revolution

Back 34

The French governmental structure underwent drastic changes based on Enlightenment principles; violent and bloody turnover.

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Napoleonic Wars dates

Back 35

1803-1815

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Napoleonic Wars

Back 36

Series of conflicts involving Napoleon's French Empire and various European allies, with various opposing coalitions.

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Reign of Terror dates

Back 37

1793-1794

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Reign of Terror

Back 38

Fifty months after the onset of the French Revolution, incited by the rival political factions: the Girondins and the Jacobins: mass executions through use of the guillotine.

Front 39

Battle of Trafalgar date

Back 39

1805

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Battle of Trafalgar

Back 40

Sea battle between the British Royal navy and the combined fleets of the French and Spanish, during the Napolionic Wars. British won: their most decisive victory of the war.

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Battle of Waterloo date

Back 41

1815

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Battle of Waterloo

Back 42

The French under Napoleon Bonaparte were defeated by the 7th Coalition led by the Duke of Wellington. Ended Napoleon's rule as French Emperor.