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29 Cards in this Set
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What is HOME RULE? Where was it? What year? |
1914 in the U.K. self gov. by having a separate parliament but not complete independence Charles Parnell, leader of the irish representatives in parliament, called for it |
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What is SOCIAL DARWINISM? Year? |
the application of Darwin's principle of organic evolution to the social order; led to the belief that progress comes from the struggle for survival as the fittest advance and the weak decline. second half of the 19th century |
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What was the CRIMEAN WAR? Years? Where? Summarize it. |
Crimean war 1853-1856 was another attempt to answer the eastern question (who would be the chief beneficiaries of the disintegration of the Ottoman Empire) The war started b/w Russia and the Ottoman Empire when the Russians demanded the right to protect Christian shrines in Palestine. When the Ottomans refused, the Russians took over Moldavia and Wallachia. Failure to resolve the dispute led the Ottoman Empire to declare war in Russia October 4 1853. March 28 1854 G.B. and France declare war on Russia. those two countries joined because they knew Russia would become a major powerful country if Russia gained control of the Ottoman empire. The resolution of this war was in 1856 the treaty of paris was signed which forced russia to give up the countries it gained and accept neutrality of the Black Sea. |
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Who is Louis Pasteur? Where? Years? |
From France 1822-1895. He formulated the germ theory of disease which had enormous practical applications in the development of modern scientific medical practices. |
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What is CHARTISM? Where? Year? |
Got it's name from the People's Charter a document drawn up in 1838 by the London Working Men's Association (which made universal male suffrage, payment for members of Parliament, the elimination of property qualifications for members of Parliament) Aimed to achieve political democracy; The first important political movement of working men organized during the nineteenth century. Britain. |
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Who was COUNT CAMILLO DI CAVOUR? Years? Where? |
Years: 1810-1861 Where: Italy King Victor Emmanuel II named him as prime minister in 1852. He was a liberal-minded nobleman who had made a fortune in agriculture and went on to make even more money in banking, railroads, and shipping. He favored constitutional government. He was a consummate politician with the ability to persuade others of the rightness of his convictions. After becoming prime minister in 1852, he pursued a policy of economic expansion, encouraging the buildings of roads, canals and railroads and fostering business enterprise by expanding credit and stimulating investment in new industries. The growth of the economy and the increase in government revenues led to Cavour pouring money into equipping a large army. |
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Who was BENJAMIN DISRAELI? Years? Where? |
Years: 1804-1881 Where: Britain Tory leader of the Parliament, motivated by the desire to win over the newly enfranchised groups to the conservative party. The Reform Act of 1867 was an important step to democratization of Britain. By lowering monetary requirements for voting it by and large enfranchised many male urban workers. |
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Who was LOUIS-PHILIPPE? Years? Where? |
Years: 1773-1850, reigned 1930-1848 Where: France Bourgeois monarch because political support for his rule came from the upper middle class. Constitutional changes that favored the interests of the upper bourgeois were instituted. Financial qualifications for voting were reduced yet remained sufficiently high that the number of voters increased from 100,000 to around 200,00 guaranteeing that only the wealthiest people could vote. |
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What is REALPOLITIK? Years? Where? |
Year: 1848 Where: Across Europe "politics of reality" politics based on practical concerns rather than theory or ethics. One reaction to the failure of the revolutions had been a new toughness of mind as people prided themselves on being realistic in their handling of power. |
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What was the JULY MONARCHY? years? Where? |
Years: 1830-1848 Where: France The kingdom of france was known as the July Monarchy. it was a liberal constitutional monarchy in France under Louis Philippe. It began by the overthrow of Charles X and the House of Bourbon |
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What was the FRANKFURT ASSEMBLY? Years? Where? |
Year: 1848 Where: Germany first freely elected parliament for Germany. It proclaimed a German empire based on parliamentary democracy. It fulfilled many liberal and nationalist movements and provided a foundation of basic rights. It also proposed a constitutional monarchy |
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What was AUSGLEICH? years? Where? |
Year: 1867 Where: Austria-Hungary the compromise of 1867 that created the Dual monarchy of Austria-Hungary. Austria and Hungary each had its own capital, constitution and legislative assembly but were united under one monarch |
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Who was FRIEDRICH NIETZSCHE? Years? Where? |
Years: 1844-1900 Where: Germany Glorified the irrational. According to him, western bourgeois society was decadent and incapable of any real cultural creativity, primarily because of its excessive emphasis on the rational faculty at the expense of emotions, passions, and instincts. Believed that Christianity should shoulder much of the blame for western civilization's enfeeblement. |
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What was RISORGIMENTO? Years? Where? |
Years: 19th century, took off around 1830 Where: Italy a movement in Italy in the 19th century aimed at the creation of a united Italian republic. Took off around 1830 when Giuseppe Mazzini was head of it. |
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Who was TZAR ALEXANDER II? Years? Where? |
Years: 1818-1881 Where: Russia Son of Nicholas I was responsible for many reforms including reorganizing the judicial system, setting up elected local judges, abolishing capital punishment, promoting self government, imposing universal military service, ending some privileges of nobility. Assassinated |
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Who was SYLVIA PANKHURST? Years? Where? |
Years: 1882-1960 Where: Britain Her along with her mom and sisters founded the Women's Social and Political Union of 1903. The members of this organization realized the value of the media and used unusual publicity stunts to call attention to their demands |
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Who was GIUSEPPE MAZZINI? Years? Where?
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Years: 1805-1872 where: Italy leader of the risorgimento, a dedicated italian nationalist who founded an organization known as young italy in 1831. this group set as its goal the creation of a united italian republic. |
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Who was WILLIAM GLADSTONE? Years? Where?
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Years: 1809- 1898 Where: Britain liberal politician, served as prime minister four separate times. First entered parliament in 1832 as a high troy. He introduced secret voting. helped improve the legal rights of irish tenant farmers. |
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Who was MIKHAIL BAKUNIN?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1814-1476
Where: Russia A russian anarchist who believed that small groups of well trained revolutionaries could perpetrate so much violence that the state and all institutions would disintegrate. |
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Who was NAPOLEON III?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1852-1870
Where: France (Louis Napoleon) took the title napoleon III and then proceeded to create an authoritarian monarchy. Then in the 1860's Napoleon began to liberalize his government/ A horrible military defeat from Prussia brought the collapse of his empire. |
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Who was CHARLES DARWIN?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1809-1882
Where: England Charles Darwin came from an upper-middle class family, he studied theology at Cambridge University while pursuing interests in geology and biology. in 1831 he accepted an appointment as a naturalist to study animals and plants on a royal navy scientific expedition on the H.M.S. Beagle. In the Galapagos islands is where is famous ideas for evolution and natural selection, survival of the fittest, came about. |
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What was the GREEK REVOLUTION?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1821-1832
Where: Greece When greeks of the ottoman empire wanted to break free and have their own independent state. Multiple revolutions over years lead to their independence, as well as France G.B. and Russia stepping in. |
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Who was OTTO VON BISMARCK?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1815-1898
Where: Germany and Prussia Was born into the aristocracy of Prussia. in 1851 he began to base of diplomatic experience as the prussian delegate to the parliament of German confederation. A consummate politician and opportunist. only waged war when all diplomatic alternatives failed and that the military was on his side. He believed in realpolitik, politics based on practical concerns rather than theory or ethics. King Wilhelm I appointed him as Chancellor of Germany. |
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Who was MARIE CURIE?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1867-1934
Where: Born in Poland, studied in France Born in Poland studied at the University of Paris and got degrees both in math and physics. She is the first women to receive two nobel prizes, physics and chemistry. Worked with her husband Pierre and discovered that radium gives off rays that come from inside the atom. Atoms were not hard material bodies, but small worlds containing subatomic particles (protons and electrons). She died of leukemia/radiation poisoning from her experiments. |
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Who was SIGMUND FREUD?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1856-1939
Where: Born in Moravia, studied in Vienna Studied patients suffering from psychosomatic symptoms, which lead him to believe the unconscious mind has a big influence on people. He started the practice/studies of psychoanalysis. |
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What is ZIONISM?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1896
Where: Europe Brought on by Theodore Herzl, An international movement that called for the establishment of a Jewish state or refuge for Jews in Palestine |
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What was the DREYFUS AFFAIR?
Years? Where? |
Years:1895-1906
Where: France Alfred Dreyfus, a Jewish captain in the French general staff, was found guilty by a secret military court, which sent Dreyfus to life of imprisonment on Devil's Island. Even though it was obvious another person committed treason, people kept accusing Dreyfus because he was Jewish. Evidence found proved his innocence, a new trial was called. The trial failed to accuse the man who was guilty, and Dreyfus was pardoned in 1899. And in 1906 fully exonerated. |
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What was the BOER WAR?
Year? Where? |
Year: 1899-1902
Where: South Africa The Boer wars were fought because South Africa wanted freedom from G.B. Boers used guerrilla tactics, which lead to high casualties of the British army. Mass newspapers in Britain reported high casualties of Boer women and children which lead to anti war movements at home. G.B. had won but the cost of the Boer war proved that increased military would be needed. In 1910 the Union of South Africa was created. |
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What were the BALKAN WARS?
Years? Where? |
Years: 1903-1915
Where: South east europe Bosnia and Herzegovina had been under the protection of Austria but in 1908 Austria annexed the two countries. This made Serbia mad because they thought they wouldn't have their ideal serbian kingdom. And the idea of a Serbian kingdom cared austrians because they thought it would upset the unity of the Austro-Hungarian Empire. Backed by the Russians, Serbia went to war with Austria. William II intervened and demanded Russians accept Austria's annexation. THey did but were humiliated. In 1912 Serbia, Bulgaria, Montenegro, and Greece organized the Balkan league and defeated the Ottoman Empire (first balkan war). The second Balkan war in 1903 happened because they couldn't agree on how to divide the land. |
