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8 Cards in this Set
- Front
- Back
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Conditions in the beginning of 19th century (up to 1850s)
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-Compact
-Disease ridden -More death than birth but more came from rural areas to replace -Social class conflicts -Extremely poor conditions for lower class -Absence of public transport -1820s to 1830s: Britain and France began to notice cities increasing in population by 40 to 70 percent each decade |
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Medical Research
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-Miasmatic Theory: the simple SMELL of decay or other bad odors caused sickness
-Germ Theory: purposed by French chemist Louis Pasteur 1854 -Pasteurization: heating liquid and living organisms who would naturally cause disease to avoid spoilage Antiseptic Principle: by applying chemicals to bandages, surgical instruments, clothing, and hands increased life expectancy -Sewage systems: based of Chadwick's proposals governments began focus on waste management 1840s on |
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City Planning
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-Extremely slow do to confusion on how to improve conditions not necessarily opposition from middle and upper class
-Napoleon III first to truly incorporate city planning to ease class conflict -Demolished terrible slums and made boulevards to prevent easy rioting and fantastic views -1870s government allowed privatized companies to run horse drawn carriages -1890s street cars -Zoning and expansion |
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Common Diseases
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-Cholera (epidemic in 1846)
-Tuberculosis -Syphilis -Typhus |
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Edwin Chadwick
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-Purposed waste and excrement could be carried off through waterways separate of drinking water
-Proposals taken seriously in 1848 -Benthamite: public problems should be dealt with on a rational, scientific basis and according to the greatest good for the greatest number |
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Social Darwinism
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-"Survival of the fittest"
-Poor would waste away leaving the wealthy and well educated left -Herbert Spencer -Used to justify colonization |
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Thermodynamics
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-studies of steam and mechanics
-Law of conservation of energy: energy converted but never created or destroyed |
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Organic Chemistry
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-Study of carbon compounds
-Coal tar -> dyes cheap |
