European History 1789 - Present: Social Classes, Standard Of Living, Working Conditions And Steps To Improve Working Conditions

Front 1

Social Classes

Back 1

-Social spaces become more coed
-Through parks, dept stores, etc there were more opportunities for social classes to mix
-Reasons for marriage: Middle is politics and reputation oriented / Working class marrying for love
-Social Darwinism
-1848 Revolutions:
-Marx and Engels:
-Middle class < 20%
-Upper middle class drawn to aristocracy after 1848

Front 2

Working Conditions

Back 2

-See increase in wages in 1850 as well as nearly double between 1850 and 1906
-Demand for specialists to operate machinery

Front 3

Regarding Middle Class

Back 3

-Food major part of middle class culture 25%
-Servants separated middle class from working class
-Middle class morality: hard work, self-discipline, and personal achievement, responsible for own circumstance

Front 4

Regarding Working Class (Labor Aristocracy, Semiskilled, Unskilled)

Back 4

-Less united than middle class
-Labor aristocracy: 15% highly skilled workers
-Upper working class very interested in saving money for child's education and believed in self-discipline and stern morality
-Drinking and bars still common place but became lighter more social areas
-Gambling was incentive for literacy
-Churches provide meaning to working class but falling out in last 3 decades in attendance and donation

Front 5

Silent Revolution

Back 5

1910 death rates for people of all ages in urban areas generally no greater than those for people in rural and sometimes they were lower

Front 6

Bacterial Revolution

Back 6

1870s people began studying and experimenting with bacteria in order to improve living conditions and was pioneered by Pasteur, Koch, Lister